Bilateral agreements signed or that entered into force between 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 and; Multilateral signed/acceded/ratified 2021.
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The literature on foreign assistance generally holds that multilateral aid is preferable to bilateral aid, but establishes this primarily through highly aggregated cross‐national time‐ series data. We investigate this topic experimentally from the perspective of those whom the foreign aid directly affects: recipient citizens. We thus report results of a survey exper‐ iment with behavioral outco...

The funding of global public goods, such as climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation, presents a complex strategic problem. Potential recipients demand side payments for implementing projects that furnish global public goods, and donors can cooperate to provide the funding. We offer a game-theoretic analysis of this problem. In our model, a recipient demands funding for a project. Donor...

India needs reliable good quality database and methodologies for designing, implementing and monitoring climate-friendly policies. This paper focuses on the database needs for policies in the context of multilateral frameworks. It provides suggestions to the Central Statistical Organization (CSO for improving the adequacy and quality of environmental statistics relating to climate change in Ind...

Complex argumentation-based interaction can be characterised by a rich model of inter-agent communication based upon the construct of a dialogue frame. This approach is shown to have computational benefits and can be easily extended to include models of agents’ preferences. The process of negotiation is founded upon the notion of compromise and this comes about as a result of agents’ preference...

We use mixed-complementarity-problem programming to implement tariff rate quotas (TRQs) in the global computable general equilibrium (CGE) LINKAGE model. We apply the approach to TRQs in sugar markets in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. We calibrate the model on 2000 policy levels for OECD countries to reflect the full implementation of their World Trade O...

Increasing attention has been focused in recent years on the need for multilateral negotiation processes in the disarmament and arms control field to “think outside the box” in addressing contemporary challenges. But beyond recognition that there are imperfections in current approaches, it is not always clear that the parameters of the existing box are sufficiently understood or, indeed, what t...

This article examines new multilateral food and agriculture development programs implemented in response to the 2008 Global Food Crisis. These programs, which seek to increase agricultural investment and production in developing countries, have gained wide currency among donors, recipient governments and multilateral organizations. Given the significant financial and political resources committ...