What makes a consensus among scientists credible and convincing? This paper introduces the notion of a "hard-won" consensus and uses examples from recent debates over climate change science to show that this heuristic standard for evaluating the quality of a consensus is widely shared. The extent to which a consensus is "hard won" can be understood to depend on the personal qualities of the par...

Although the Confederate surrenders in April 1865 marked the end of major hostilities of the American Civil War, disputes of interpretation continue to characterise the study of the conduct and outcomes of the War. Whilst this may be simply a feature of all historiography, the extent of these interpretive disputes may well be a direct consequence of the nature of the primary sources that have s...

university autonomy and accountability have been playing such a vital role in all aspects of university governance that their importance cannot be over emphasized. autonomy can be defined as “the right of a group of people to govern itself or to organize its own activities” and being autonomous means “being independent and having the power to make your own decisions”. on the other hand, account...

Abstract Music production accounts for spreading ideologies since music genres are intrinsically linked to political discourses. bregafunk is a genre that fulfills this role in the scene of Recife, Brazil. The genre’s video portrays city’s favelas as places sociability and affection, well ambition better social economic conditions. Based on Foucauldian theory, an emblematic example resistance. ...