Recovery of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood for reuse has been the focus of several international research groups due to the imminent disposal problem created when large quantities of CCA-treated wood ultimately come out of service. Bioleaching with Bacillus licheniformis CC01 and oxalic acid extraction are two methods known to remove significant quantities of metals from CCA-treat...

In North America, the native pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, kills exotic pines. When inadvertently introduced to Japan and other Asian countries, PWN became a destructive pest of pines. The PWN has been intercepted in pine shipments from North America to Europe, where there is concern that it may also kill pines and other conifers. To protect their forests from the PWN and...

To reduce the refining energy consumption of chemi-mechanical pulping, treatment with NaOH-thiourea-urea aqueous solution was studied in this work. By means of single-factor experiments, the effects of alkali dosage, soaking time, and freezing time were evaluated. It was found that the optimal conditions were an alkali dosage of 8%, soaking time of 45 min, and freezing time of 105 min. The resu...

A natural hybrid of Vipera ammodytes × Vipera berus was presented having 26 low body weight, seizures and generalized swelling of the cephalic region. Based on the 27 history of the case and clinical examination, hemorrhagic stomatitis of traumatic origin was 28 diagnosed. The snake was kept in a terrarium with wood chips as a substrate, and the material 29 had induced trauma in the oral mucosa...

Abstract. A mobile biofilter testing laboratory was developed where two types of wood chips (western cedar and hardwood) were examined to treat odor emissions from a deep-pit swine finishing facility in central Iowa. The biofilters were run continuously for 12 weeks at different air flow rates resulting in variable empty bed residence times. During this test period, a dynamic forced-choice olfa...

There is growing use of wood pellet and wood chip boilers in the UK. Elsewhere fatalities have been reported, caused by carbon monoxide poisoning following entry into wood pellet storage areas. The aim of this work was to obtain information on how safely these two fuels are being stored in the UK. Site visits were made to six small-scale boiler systems and one large-scale pellet warehouse, to a...

To be able to understand more in detail what actually happens during chipping, the strain field in a chip during chipping was studied by means of the Digital Speckle Photography (DSP) technique. In addition to recording the strain field, the load on and displacement of the chipping tool was also recorded. The equipment used in this study was a DSP system, an MTS servo hydraulic testing machine ...

In a biorefinery context it is an advantage to fractionate and extract different wood components in a relatively pure form. However, one major obstacle for efficient extraction of wood polymers (lignin, polysaccharides etc.) is the covalent lignin-polysaccharide networks present in lignified cell walls. Enzymatic catalysis might be a useful tool for a controlled degradation of these networks, t...

Several recent accidents with fatal outcomes occurring during discharge of logs and wood chips from ships in Swedish ports indicate the need to better understand the atmospheric conditions in holds and connecting stairways. The principal aim of the present study was to assess the air levels of oxygen and toxic gases in confined spaces following sea transportation of logs and wood chips. The foc...

ABSTRACT- Soilless cultivation systems are used to attain higher performance, improve crop quality, conserve water and land, and protect the environment better. This study has attempted to use some agricultural wastes and organic matter, and management practices to optimize water holding capacity of cultural media, which are suitable for the growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum.). F...