Rwanda: Primary energy supply is dominated by biomass resources in Rwanda. Wood supplies about 57 percent directly and wood for charcoal 23 percent, while agricultural residues and peat provide 6 percent and petroleum products 11 percent. Only 5 percent of the country’s population are connected to the electricity grid, with 3 percent of these being in the rural areas and 25 percent in the urban...

The recent focus on bioenergy has led to interest in developing alternative technologies for assessing the fuel value of available biomass resources. In this study, both nearand midinfrared spectroscopic datawere used to predict fuel value in relation to extractives and lignin contents for longleaf pine wood. Samples were analyzed both before and after extraction.Using both nearand mid-infrared...

ER GI A N ew s vo l. 4 nr 2 • 2 00 1 9 A rapidly accessible new source of woodfuel for local people could be the small patches of eucalyptus planted by Kinyara on their estate in areas not suitable for sugarcane. Originally these trees were planted to discourage illegal homes being built on the land. Using them as woodfuel would give them a more positive function. Furthermore, government polici...

This research was conducted in the west forest of Guilan, northern Iran. Data from various harvesting methods for 20 years were collected. Results showed that, productivity rate of round wood, pulp wood and fuel wood has had an upward trend, while rate of traditional products (lumber, sawn wood, charcoal, etc.) has had a downward trend. Production cost has been investigated in this research. Th...

Article history: Received 28 January 2015 Accepted 25 February 2015 Available online 6 March 2015

wood resources, non-wood plants and recycled papers are the common raw materials of papermaking. shortage of raw materials, is a challenging problem in developing pulp and paper industry. in this study, cladophora green algae was used as a new source of cellulosic fiberfor pulping and papermaking.. cladophora algae was cooked with cold soda method and then was mixed with nssc pulp at 10,20 and ...

This study focuses on a successful risk assessment procedure in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) where occupational health and safety resources may be less accessible than in larger companies with more labour force, time, knowledge and technology. An original approach is offered for an easy and unambiguous assessment of occupational hazards (physical, chemical and biological) and evide...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the levels of variation in lignin or other wood related genes in Salix, a genus that is being increasingly used for biomass and biofuel production. The lignin biosynthesis pathway is well characterized in a number of species, including the model tree Populus. We aimed to transfer the genomic resources already available in Populus to its sister genus Salix to ass...

Diplopoda (millipedes) and Isopoda (woodlice) are among the most abundant macro-detritivores in temperate forests. These key regulators of plant litter decomposition are influenced by habitat and substrate quality, including that of dead wood. Dead wood provides shelter and resources to macro-detritivores, but the relative effects of tree species, wood decay stage, forest environment and their ...

The research is focused on the study of mechanical strength properties of bamboo to establish if bamboo would play a complementary role to wood in both furniture making and construction works as a sustainable material for the wood industries. The research also highlighted the dwindling supply of wood as a main source of material for furniture and construction works in Zimbabwe due to fire destr...