HE Cardiac in Industry Committee of the California Heart Association in 1951 initiated a study of the problem of the causation or aggravation of heart disease by occupational factors. This field seemed particularly pressing because important decisions affecting the employment of persons with heart disease, and in arranging insurance for them, were being based more uipoin speculation than upon f...

Income is only weakly associated with both subjective well-being (SWB) and job satisfaction in the United States, a surprising finding in light of the importance placed on financial status in capitalistic societies. To explore this further, the authors examined intrinsic and extrinsic work orientations as potential moderators of the effects of financial compensation on SWB and job satisfaction....

Although employee compensation reform in Chinese industrial sector has been discussed in the literature, the real changes in compensation system and pay practices have received insufficient attention and warrant further examination. This paper briefly reviews the preand post-reform compensation system, and reports the results of a survey of pay practices in the four major types of industrial en...

In this Letter we report the first experimental observation of the double emittance minimum effect in the beam dynamics of high-brightness electron beam generation by photoinjectors; this effect, as predicted by the theory, is crucial in achieving minimum emittance in photoinjectors aiming at producing electron beams for short wavelength single-pass free electron lasers. The experiment describe...

Development work leading to emittance-compensated symmetric emittance and asymmetric emittance RF photoinjectors is discussed. A mature design for a symmetric emittance photoinjector is described, and current work leading to an asymmetric design is detailed. An experimental program to characterize both injectors and to explore the physical mechanism of emittance compensation using the facilitie...

This review article aims to anatomize sources of the healthy worker effect (HWE) and to summarize advantages and limitations of several approaches frequently proposed to eliminate the HWE. Although the HWE is frequently addressed in the context of selection bias, our review suggests that the selection of occupational cohorts with advantageous health status would preferably be addressed as a sou...

It is known that micro-task worker performance fluctuates. While between-worker variability has been studied and has been used to define filters (e.g., to filter out “bad” workers), within-worker variability (i.e. how each worker's performance varies over time) has received less attention. Better understanding of the sources of such variability will result in the design of better filters, and m...

We consider a frictional labor market in which firms want to insure their senior employees against income fluctuations and, at the same time, want to recruit new employees to fill their vacant positions. Firms can commit to a wage schedule, i.e. a schedule that specifies the wage paid by the firm to its employees as function of their tenure and other observables. However, firms cannot commit to...

background influenza is a world-wide public health concern. it is one of the most important viral causes of acute respiratory illness, affecting all age groups, recurring several times during a lifetime. we assessed the antibody titers after vaccination against influenza among hiv-infected patients and health care workers (hcws). patients and methods during this before-after study, the antibody...

Body mass shapes processes from cell metabolism to community dynamics. Little is known, however, about how the average body mass of individuals varies among ecological communities. Ants alter colony mass by independently changing worker mass and/or worker number. In a survey of 49 ecosystems from tundra to tropical rainforest, average worker mass and worker number were uncorrelated (r(s) = 0.2,...