SnCl4/nano-sawdust was prepared as a carbohydrate-based catalyst containing of tin bearing cellulose units. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The catalyst was applied successfully as a readily available, inexpensive, biodeg...

X-ray powder diffraction was used to study the phase composition of human renal calculi. The stones were collected from 56 donors in Vitória, Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. An XRD phase quantification revealed that 61% of the studied renal stones were composed exclusively of calcium oxalate 34% formed only by calcium oxalate monohydrate COM and 27% presents both monohydrate and dihy...

Tanaka et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, 139, 1718) recently reported the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using extremely low X-ray doses of 0.03 and 0.12 MGy. They observed two different 3D structures of the CaMn4O5 cluster with different hydrogen-bonding interactions in the S1 state of OEC keeping the sur...

This paper describes a repeatability test, comparing conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses with the technique of quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) as a determinant of mineral abundance. The conjunctive use of both methods allows specific mineral abundances to be matched between scene of crime (SOC) and suspects where soil or substrate mineralogy is similar. In our test, samples from...

in this article vanadium boride nanopowder was synthesized by mechanochemical reduction method in a high-energy ball mill. the synthesized powders were studied by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), xray map and transmission electron microscopy (tem). according to x-ray diffraction the product predominantly consists of vb phases after 100 min milling without further hea...

iron oxide (fe2o3) nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple approach using sodium borohydride (nabh4) and iron chloride hexahydrate (fecl3.6h2o). their physicochemical properties were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (hrtem), scanning electron microscopy (sem), x-ray diffraction (xrd) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (eds). xrd pattern showed that the iron...

zinc oxide (zno) nanopowders were synthesized by the sol–gel method from an ethanol solution of zinc sulfate heptahydrate in the presence of diethylene glycol surfactant. detailed structural and microstructural investigations were carried out using x-ray diffraction (xrd), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (hrtem), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem), fourier tra...

Superparamagnetic single phase zinc ferrite nanoparticles have been prepared by coprecipitation method at 20 °C without any subsequent calcination. The composition, crystallite size, microstructure and magnetic properties of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM)...

Cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV analysis, and dielectric studies. The crystalline nature and particle size of the CdO nanoparticles were characterized by Powder X-ray diffract...

Bioapatite, the main constituent of mineralized tissue in mammalian bones, is a calcium-phosphate-based mineral that is similar in structure and composition to hydroxyapatite. In this work, the crystallographic structure of bioapatite in human fetuses was investigated by synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction (XRD) and microdiffraction ( micro -XRD) techniques. Rietveld refinement analyses of ...