The Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) damage model is widely used to predict ductile failure initiation and propagation. However, the material-dependent parameters can show a significant spread when determined for same steel grade material. Different calibration procedures optimisation processes cause variation in obtained parameter values. Furthermore, there no clear consensus on which require ...

X70 pipeline steel is butt welded by fully automatic welding at 25° slope, and the characteristic information of process collected. A 3D transient heat mass transfer model weld pool established. This was verified means shape two-dimensional weld, then, flow field under steep slope conditions simulated to clarify mechanism lack fusion defect. The results show that arc deflected when it stays on ...

Stress state is a primary factor controlling the ductile fracture behavior of steels, which typically represented as combination stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter. The cleavage properties pipeline steels at low temperatures are usually assessed under plane strain conditions, such using mechanics experiments. In this study, X70 steel liquid nitrogen temperature (?196 °C) characterized ...