ABSTRACT : In this paper, we review various design techniques for XOR-XNOR circuits as these circuits are basic building blocks of many arithmetic circuits. The XOR and XNOR circuits can be implemented in different architectures by using different circuit designs. This paper evaluates and compares the performance of various design techniques of XOR-XNOR circuits. The performance of the XOR-XNOR...

Alcohol consumption increases the risk for breast cancer in women by still undefined means. Alcohol metabolism is known to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and breast cancer is associated with high levels of hydroxyl radical (OH) modified DNA, point mutations, single strand nicks, and chromosome rearrangement. Furthermore, ROS modification of DNA can produce the mutations and DNA damage f...

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and is widely distributed among species. In addition to this housekeeping function, mammalian XOR is a physiological source of superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, which can function as second messengers in the activation of various pathways. This review...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used drugs that may increase the cardiovascular risk by mechanisms not entirely known. While PPIs increase asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and inhibit nitric oxide production, it is unknown whether impaired vascular redox biology resulting of increased xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity mediates PPIs-induced endothelial dysfunction (ED). We...

Emerging evidence supports the importance of nitroso-redox balance in the cardiovascular system. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a major oxidative enzyme and increased XOR activity, leading to both increased production of reactive oxygen species and uric acid, is implicated in heart failure. Within the heart, XOR activity stimulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and impairs matrix stru...

Stringent power and performance constraints, coupled with detailed knowledge of the target applications of a processor, allows for application-specific processor optimizations. It has been shown that application-specific reconfigurable hash functions eliminate a large number of cache conflict misses. These hash functions minimize conflicts by modifying the mapping of cache blocks to cache sets....

New methodologies for XOR-XNOR circuits are proposed to improve the speed and power as these circuits are basic building blocks of many arithmetic circuits. This paper evaluates and compares the performance of various XOR-XNOR circuits. The performance of the XOR-XNOR circuits based on TSMC 0.18μm process models at all range of the supply voltage starting from 0.6V to 3.3V is evaluated by the c...

We present decidability results for the verification of cryptographic protocols in the presence of equational theories corresponding to xor and Abelian groups. Since the perfect cryptography assumption is unrealistic for cryptographic primitives with visible algebraic properties such as xor, we extend the conventional Dolev-Yao model by permitting the intruder to exploit these properties. We sh...

We show a new duality between the polynomial margin complexity of f and the discrepancy of the function f ◦XOR, called an XOR function. Using this duality, we develop polynomial based techniques for understanding the bounded error (BPP) and the weakly-unbounded error (PP) communication complexities of XOR functions. This enables us to show the following. • A weak form of an interesting conjectu...

Xanthine oxidoreductase(XOR)plays an important role in many pathologies, such as tumors, chronic hypoxia, renal injury, hypertension and so on. In this article we mainly review the current research about the regulation of activity and gene expression of XOR, and its physiochemical property, organ distribution, changes in tumors and relation with the other diseases. We conclude that XOR is an im...