Acclimation to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and temperature of respiration by the foliage in the crown of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees is measured and modelled. Starting in 1996, individual 20-year-old trees were enclosed in chambers and exposed to either normal ambient conditions (CON), elevated CO2 concentration (EC), elevated temperature (ET) or a combination of E...

BACKGROUND: Vermicompost in sustainable agriculture is very useful for improving soil porosity and thereby providing more nutrients to crop. OBJECTIVES: Current research was conducted to evaluate effect of biofertilizer (vermicompost) under different level of irrigation on crop production and protein yield. METHODS: This study was c...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the city of Trondheim, Norway, diabetic lower-limb amputations accounted for one-third of all lower-limb amputations (LLAs). In an attempt to reduce this rate, a diabetic foot team was established in 1996. We present the incidence of LLA in Trondheim as measured 10 years later. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 2004-07, we registered all LLAs performed in Trondheim and then co...

Several studies reported that commercial barbecue restaurants likely contribute to the indoor emission of particulate matters with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5) while pan-frying meat. However, there is inadequate knowledge of exposure level to indoor PM2.5 in homes and the contribution of a typical indoor pan-frying event. We measured the indoor PM2.5 concentration and, using Mo...

Remotely sensed estimates of snow thaw offer the potential of more complete spatial coverage across remote, undersampled areas such as the terrestrial Arctic drainage basin. We compared the timing of spring thaw determined from approximately 25 km resolution daily radar backscatter data with observed daily river discharge time series and model simulated snow water content data for 52 basins (50...

Water relations of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) trees growing at an elevation of 3230 m on Mt. Evans, Colorado, USA, were studied during the winters of 1995-1996 and 1996-1997. During both winters, current-year and 1-year-old shoots were collected weekly and their relative water contents (RWC) determined. Measured meteorological p...

Evaporation, as a major component of the hydrologic cycle, plays a key role in water resources development and management in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. Although there are empirical formulas available, their performances are not all satisfactory due to the complicated nature of the evaporation process and the data availability. This paper explores evaporation estimation methods based o...

This study evaluated hydrologic and water-quality data collected on a coastal-plain research watershed during a series of hurricanes and tropical storms that hit coastal North Carolina in 1999, including hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene. During September and October 1999, the research watershed received approximately 555 mm of rainfall associated with hurricanes. This was the wettest such pe...

Background Currently used clinical assessments for physical function do not objectively quantify daily activities in routine living. Wearable activity monitors enable objective measurement of routine daily activities, but do not map to clinically measured physical performance measures. Methods We represent physical function as a daily activity profile derived from minute-level activity data obt...