the present paper is aimed at describing a “closed cycle” power plant schematic (soft, solar oxygen fuel turbine) with macroalgae (seaweed) cultivation in a pond, combustion of its organic matter in a fluidized bed boiler of rankine cycle and return of the combustion products to the pond to feed algae. the oxygen used for combustion is released to atmosphere in photosynthesis. as a renewable fu...

let r be a commutative ring and (r) be its zerodivisor graph. in this article, we studywiener index and energy of γ(zn ) where n = pq or n = p2q and p, q are primes. a matlabcode for our calculations is also presented.

The European program HORIZON2020 aims to have 20% of electricity produced by renewable sources. The building sector represents 40% of the European Union energy consumption. Reducing energy consumption in buildings is therefore a priority for energy efficiency. The present investigation explores the most adequate roof shapes compatible with the placement of different types of small wind energy g...

The first section of this paper reviews recent developments in areas of plasma physics that have relevance to cosmology, astronomy and our solar system. Some important equations that describe the behavior of plasmas in these areas are noted. The second section reviews recent developments that pertain to the vacuum Zero Point Energy (ZPE) and its behavior over time. It is shown that this behavio...

We study the effect of filter zero-point uncertainties on future supernova dark energy missions. Fitting for calibration parameters using simultaneous analysis of all Type Ia supernova standard candles achieves a significant improvement over more traditional fit methods. This conclusion is robust under diverse experimental configurations (number of observed supernovae, maximum survey redshift, ...

The subject of laser cooling of ions and neutral atoms is currently of great experimental and theoretical interest. ' It has been applied to high-resolution spectroscopy, low-energy collisions, quantum jumps, and photon antibunching. In all cooling experiments done so far, the oscillation frequency co, of the particle in its confining well was less than the linewidth I of the cooling transition...

The influence of an external electromagnetic field on the vacuum structure of a quantized Dirac field is investigated by considering the quantum corrections to classical Maxwell’s Lagrangian density induced by fluctuations of the non-perturbative vacuum. Effective Lagrangian densities for Maxwell’s theory in (3+1) and (2+1) dimensions are derived from the vacuum zero-point energy of the fermion...

The zero-point energy of a conducting spherical shell is evaluated by imposing boundary conditions on the potential Aμ, and on the ghost fields. The scheme requires that temporal and tangential components of Aμ perturbations should vanish at the boundary, jointly with the gauge-averaging functional, first chosen of the Lorenz type. Gauge invariance of such boundary conditions is then obtained p...