BACKGROUND Current understanding of adrenal steroidogenesis is that the production of aldosterone or cortisol depends on the expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and 11β-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (CYP11B1), respectively. However, this has never been studied in dogs, and in some species, a single CYP11B catalyzes both cortisol and aldosterone formation. Analysis of the canine genome pr...

r is called commuting regular ring (resp. semigroup) if for each x,y $in$ r thereexists a $in$ r such that xy = yxayx. in this paper, we introduce the concept of commuting$pi$-regular rings (resp. semigroups) and study various properties of them.

CONTEXT The mechanisms of postnatal adrenal zonation remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To provide a clue for a possible role of estrogens in adrenarche, we studied the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)alpha, ERbeta, G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)30, and cP450aromatase (cP450arom) in human adrenal tissue. DESIGN Human adrenal tissue was collected from three postnatal age groups (Grs): Gr 1, you...

We give a necessary and sufficient condition, in terms of a certain reflection principle, for every unconditionally closed subset of a group G to be algebraic. As a corollary, we prove that this is always the case when G is a direct product of an Abelian group with a direct product (sometimes also called a direct sum) of a family of countable groups. This is the widest class of groups known to ...

In this paper, we show how to determine several properties of a finite graph G from its Ihara zeta function ZG(u). If G is connected and has minimal degree at least 2, we show how to calculate the number of vertices of G. To do so we use a result of Bass, and in the case that G is nonbipartite, we give an elementary proof of Bass’ result. We further show how to determine whether G is regular, a...

This paper extends and applies algebraic invariants and constructions for mixing finite group extensions of shifts of finite type. For a finite abelian group G, Parry showed how to define a G-extension SA from a square matrix over Z+G, and classified the extensions up to topological conjugacy by the strong shift equivalence class of A over Z+G. Parry asked in this case if the dynamical zeta fun...

It has been demonstrated that exercise is one of the stresses known to increase the aldosterone secretion. Both potassium and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are shown to be correlated with aldosterone production during exercise, but the mechanism is still unclear. In an in vivo study, male rats were catheterized via right jugular vein (RJV), and divided into four groups namely water immersion, ...

Aldosterone production in zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells of adrenal glands is regulated by various extracellular stimuli (K(+), ANG II, ACTH) that all converge on two major intracellular signaling pathways: an increase in cAMP production and calcium (Ca(2+)) mobilization. However, molecular events downstream of the increase in intracellular cAMP and Ca(2+) content are controversial and far from be...

Let A be an Ä-order in a semisimple finite dimensional /(-algebra, where K is an algebraic number field, and R is the ring of algebraic integers of K. Denote by C(A) the reduced class group of the category of locally free left A-lattices. Choose A= ZC, the integral group ring of a finite group G, and let A be a maximal Z-order in QG containing A. There is an epimorphism C(A)-C(A'), given by JIÍ...

We study a heat kernel e defined by a self-adjoint Hamiltonian H acting on a Hilbert space H, and a unitary representation U(g) of a symmetry group G of H, normalized so that the ground vector of H is invariant under U(g). The triple [H, U(g), H] defines a twisted partition function Zg and a twisted Gibbs expectation ( } ) g , Zg=TrH (U(g) e&;H) and ( } ) g=TrH (U(g) } e) TrH (U(g) e). We say t...