[1] Biogeochemical cycling of N and S was examined at two watersheds in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, to better understand the retention and loss of these elements during winter and spring snowmelt. We analyzed stable isotope compositions of NO3 (dN-NO3 , dO-NO3 ) and SO4 2 (dS-SO4 2 , dO-SO4 2 ), along with concentrations and fluxes of NO3 and SO4 2 , in precipitation, throughfall, snowp...

A year-long field study to characterize the ionic species in PM2.5 was carried out in Shanghai and Beijing, China, in 1999–2000. Weekly samples of PM2.5 were collected using a special low flow rate (0.4 lmin ) sampler. In Shanghai, SO4 2 NO3 and NH4 + were the dominant ionic species, which accounted for 46%, 18% and 17% of the total mass of ions, respectively. Local SO2 emissions were an import...

Most vertebrates, including cartilaginous fishes, maintain their plasma SO4 (2-) concentration ([SO4 (2-)]) within a narrow range of 0.2-1 mM. As seawater has a [SO4 (2-)] about 40 times higher than that of the plasma, SO4 (2-) excretion is the major role of kidneys in marine teleost fishes. It has been suggested that cartilaginous fishes also excrete excess SO4 (2-) via the kidney. However, li...

An 8 year volcanic SO2 emission inventory for 2005–2012 is obtained based on satellite measurements of SO2 from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and ancillary information from the Global Volcanism Program. It includes contributions from global volcanic eruptions and from eight persistently degassing volcanoes in the tropics. It shows significant differences in the estimate of SO2 amount and in...

An 8 year volcanic SO2 emission inventory for 2005–2012 is obtained based on satellite measurements of SO2 from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and ancillary information from the Global Volcanism Program. It includes contributions from global volcanic eruptions and from eight persistently degassing volcanoes in the tropics. It shows significant differences in the estimate of SO2 amount and in...

Sulfate reduction and SRB growth kinetics were studied in growth media for SRB (Dev et al., 2014), MSRB containing marine waste extract as nitrogen source with increasing SO4 concentration, such as 1500, 3500, 5500 and 7500 mg L. With increase in SO4 concentration, SO4 reduction rate, its efficiency, SRB specific growth rate, HS generation rate were deteriorated. In the presence of 1500 mg L SO...

Sulfate (SO4(2-)) concentrations and fluxes were studied for multiple storm events in the Point Peter Brook watershed, a glaciated, forested watershed located in Western New York, USA. Investigations were performed across one large (696 ha) and three small (1.6-3.4 ha) catchments with varying extent of riparian and wetland areas. Concentrations of SO4(2-) in groundwater sources (mean values: 23...

Management of fire blight is complicated by limitations on use of antibiotics in agriculture, antibiotic resistance development, and limited efficacy of alternative control agents. Even though successful in control, preventive antibiotic sprays also affect non-target bacteria, aiding the selection for resistance which could ultimately be transferred to the pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Trunk inje...

To test the hypothesis that segmental thoracic extradural block causes sympathetic denervation caudally beyond dermatomes rendered analgesic, we have measured regional skin temperatures in six conscious dogs after upper thoracic, mid thoracic, and lumbar extradural injection of 0.5% bupivacaine 0.5, 1 and 2 ml cumulatively (total dose: 3.5 ml) given at 45-min intervals. Dogs were studied at con...