STUDY OBJECTIVES No recommendation currently exists for grading the severity of airway obstruction in the presence of additional restriction. The grading of airway obstruction is currently based on the FEV(1) (American Thoracic Society [ATS] recommendations), while prior recommendations by the Intermountain Thoracic Society (ITS) graded the severity of obstruction based on the FEV(1)/FVC ratio....

STUDY OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates that routine preoperative diagnostic spirometry (pulmonary function tests [PFTs]) before elective abdominal surgery does not predict individual risk of postoperative pulmonary complications and is overutilized. This economic evaluation estimates potential savings from reduced use of preoperative PFTs. DESIGN Analyses of (1) real costs (resource co...

background: pulmonary function tests (pfts) are used in assessing physiological to clinical status of the respiratory system, which is expressed as a percentage of predicted values. predicted pfts values are varies in different ethnics. predicted pfts values were studied in a sample of iranian children. materials and methods: prediction equations for pfts were derived from urban children in the...

Peatlands are important sinks for atmospheric carbon (C), yet the role of plant functional types (PFTs) for C sequestration under climatic perturbations is still unclear. A plant-removal experiment was used to study the importance of vascular PFTs for the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) during (i.e., resistance) and after (i.e., recovery) an experimental drought. The removal of PFTs caused a d...

در مطالعات زمین‌شناسی و کانی‌شناسی، وجود پوشش‌ گیاهی سالم خشک پیکسل‌های حاوی اطلاعات طیفی اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. بنابراین، بازیابی حد زیرپیکسل، مانند برآورد میزان حضور یک کانی پیکسل از تصاویر سنجش دور ابرطیفی، مسئله‌ای مهم محسوب می‌شود. این پژوهش، روش عمق پیوستار اصلاح‌شدة اثر پوشش (VCCD)، برای کاهش تخمین کانی‌های هدف، با استفاده داده‌های طیف‌سنجی، آزمایشگاهی کانی‌شناسی هایپریون (Hyperion) اصلاح من...

Since the first X-ray structure of Cry3Aa was revealed in 1991, numerous structures of B. thuringiensis toxins have been determined and published. In recent years, functional studies on the mode of action and resistance mechanism have been proposed, which notably promoted the developments of biological insecticides and insect-resistant transgenic crops. With the exploration of known pore-formin...