Illustrating a dynamic process with an arrow-containing diagram is a widespread convention in people’s daily communications. In order to build a basis for capturing the structure and semantics of such diagrams, this paper formalizes the topological relations between two arrow symbols and discusses the influence of these topological relations on the diagram’s semantics. Topological relations of ...

This study aimed to evaluate the difference in non-predictive cues between gaze and arrows in attention orienting. Attention orienting was investigated with gaze or arrows as separate cues in a simple condition (i.e., block design) in Experiment 1 and in an unpredictable condition (i.e., randomized design) in Experiment 2. Two kinds of sound (voice and tone) stimuli were used as targets. Result...