background: retinoids have been suggested to play a role in oogenesis and oocyte survival. objective: in the present study the effects of retinol palmitate were investigated on differential follicular counts in response to superovulation as well as follicle quality after vitrification of ovaries. materials and methods: ten, 4 week old female balb/c mice were randomly assigned to either paraffin...

To assess different effects of royal Jelly in protecting the human endothelial cells from high glucose level, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to various concentrations of royal jelly, from 0.625 to 10 mg/ml, at the presence of 5 and 30 mM glucose contents over a course of 72 h. In addition to cell viability assessment by conventional MTT assay, we also analyzed the feature o...

Exposure to toxic levels of fatty acids (lipotoxicity) leads cell damage and death is involved in the pathogenesis metabolic syndrome. Since consequences lipotoxicity are still poorly understood, we studied bioenergetic effects saturated acid palmitate, quantifying changes mitochondrial morphology, real-time oxygen consumption, ATP production sources, extracellular acidification hepatoma cells....

Background: Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is closely related to pathogenesis many metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence also shows that UPR and signaling pathways are interdependent. The AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) signal pathway controls energy balance eukaryotes. aim this study was therefore investigate possible interaction between AMPK in muscle cells exposed saturat...

The metabolism of palmitate by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from guinea pig exudate in the presence of physiological concentrations of human serum albumin has been studied. The data indicate that with increasing concentration of palmitate in the medium (over a range of 0.54 to 5.4 pmoles/ml), there is a concomitant increase in uptake of oxygen and palmitate. The RQ decreased from 1.34 to ...

Background. Accumulation of free fatty acids leads to lipid-toxicity-associated skeletal muscle atrophy. Palmitate treatment reduces myoblast and myotube growth and causes apoptosis in vitro. It is not known if omega-3 fatty acids will protect muscle cells against palmitate toxicity. Therefore, we examined the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on skeletal muscle growth. Methods. Mouse myobl...

High glucose and fatty acid levels impair pancreatic beta cell function. We have recently shown that palmitate-induced loss of INS-1E insulinoma cells is related to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as both toxic effects are prevented by palmitoleate. Here we show that palmitate-induced ROS are mostly mitochondrial: oxidation of MitoSOX, a mitochondria-targeted superoxide probe...

To test the hypothesis that regulation of palmitate metabolism, through carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) or through alterations of glycolysis, was involved in the pathway of palmitate-mediated cell death, cardiomyocytes were cultured from 7-day-old chick embryos. Palmitate-induced cell death, assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, was enhan...

Measurement of 13C-labeled fatty acid oxidation is hindered by the need for acetate correction, measurement of the rate of CO2 production in a controlled environment, and frequent collection of breath samples. The use of deuterium-labeled fatty acids may overcome these limitations. Herein, d31-palmitate was validated against [1-13C]palmitate during exercise. Thirteen subjects with body mass ind...