Interleukin-21 (IL-21) can be produced by CD8 T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals and those with autoimmune disease, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that IL-21-producing CD8 T cells are not associated with CD4 depletion and are absent in patients with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. Instead, IL-21 production by CD8 T cells was associated with high levels of ...

This poster discusses the multichannel publication of multimedia presentations using MPEG-21 DIDL and extensions. Different descriptions belonging to one MPEG-21 content item are combined and processed into a publication targeted at a specific channel and platform.

This paper develops a number of aspects of metadata-driven adaptation within the MPEG-21 framework that we consider are not clearly covered in the standard. Specifically, the paper introduces three complementary description tools that we have made use of and that we consider would fill certain gaps in the standard. Besides, this paper offers a group of architectural design patterns along with a...

Two papers in the Journal this month report on results from the Christchurch Psychotherapy of Depression Study, a randomised controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) involving an out-patient sample. Luty et al (pp. 496–502) found no significant difference in efficacy between the two treatment groups, with overall improvements in depressive symptoma...

Three papers in the Journal this month consider issues related to outcomes and treatment in first-episode psychosis. Crossley et al (pp. 434–439) reviewed 15 randomised controlled trials of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychosis and found no evidence for differences in discontinuation rates or effect on symptoms between atypical and typical antipsychotics. Clear differences in side-...