Host insects are either susceptible or resistant to parasitoids, where resistant hosts express immunity factors and compatible parasitoids express virulence factors that may reveal the manipulation of susceptible hosts. Using proteomics we compared responses of the same host, the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae, challenged by a well-adapted parasitoid Aphidius nigripes or by a less adapted relativ...

Many fungal root symbionts of the genus Trichoderma are well-known for their beneficial effects on agronomic performance and protection against plant pathogens; moreover, they may enhance protection from insect pests, by triggering plant resistance mechanisms. Defense barriers against insects are induced by the activation of metabolic pathways involved in the production of defense-related plant...

Host recognition and use in female parasitoids strongly relies on host fidelity, a plastic behavior which can significantly restrict the host preferences of parasitoids, thus reducing the gene flow between parasitoid populations attacking different insect hosts. However, the effect of migrant males on the genetic differentiation of populations has been frequently ignored in parasitoids, despite...

Insects use endogenous mechanisms and infection with protective symbionts to thwart attacks from natural enemies. Defenses that target specific enemies, however, potentially mediate competition between rivals and thereby impact community composition. Following its introduction to North America to control pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), the parasitoid Aphidius ervi competitively displaced othe...

Here we present additional data on the Aphidiinae fauna of Kyrgyzstan. We identified 18 species. One species new to science ( Trioxys depressus sp. nov. ) is described, while 11 are reported for first time: Aphidius avenae Haliday, A. ervi matricariae salicis urticae Ephedrus cerasicola Starý, E. niger Gautier, Bonnamour & Gaumont, Lysiphlebus cardui (Marshall), L. confusus Tremblay Ead...

the functional response of aphidius ervi to different sitobion avenae densities on two wheat cultivars (sardary and alvand) was examined in laboratory conditions. experiments were carried out in test tubes on an f2 lab generation without wheat clusters and also on f2 and f5 generations in pots using wheat clusters. in the tubes, female wasps were exposed to aphid densities of 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, 3...