BACKGROUND The respiratory quotient (RQ), defined as the ratio of carbon dioxide exhaled to oxygen uptake, reflects substrate utilization when energy is expended. Fat and alcohol have RQ values of approximately 0.7, compared with 1.0 for carbohydrate, and approximately 0.8 for protein. Here, the association between RQ and postmenopausal breast cancer risk is studied. METHODS Paired RQ measure...

The paper examines face-to-face interaction in a simple two-person bargaining game with incomplete information about the division of a fixed sum of money in which each bargainer can either have costs to be subtracted from her bargaining agreement payoff or not. The bargaining events are observed by onlookers who make guesses of the cost situations of the participants. The work of Gauthier (1978...

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis, whose prognosis is highly variable. Interstitial fibrosis is a strong independent prognosis factor. Among microRNA involved in renal fibrogenesis, only few have been investigated in IgAN. In the context of IgAN, we aimed to analyze the role of miR-21-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-199a-5p, three established "fibromiRs" involved in...

In this paper, two Japanese particles wa and mo are taken up. Wa is known as a topic marker and mo is a correspondent of English particles too and also. After reviewing several studies that claim topics and particles like too and also evoke alternatives, a formal semantic system with structured meanings is constructed for wa and mo, incorporating the insights of the previous studies. The propos...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Respiratory quotient (RQ) is a good marker of substrate oxidation. Low RQ is fre-quently found in patients with liver cirrhosis and is associated with poor outcome. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of eating frequency on RQ in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN We performed a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of ...

These studies were designed to examine whether the respiratory quotient (RQ) of leg tissue (primarily skeletal muscle) would increase to a greater degree in women than in men during meal ingestion. We found that mean leg and systemic RQ values were similar in men under both basal and fed conditions, whereas the agreement was poor in women. In women, leg RQ values tended to be greater than the s...

Genes influencing resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) represent candidate genes for obesity and the metabolic syndrome because of the involvement of these traits in energy balance and substrate oxidation. We aim to explore the molecular basis for individual variation in REE and fuel partitioning as reflected by RQ. We performed microarray studies in human vastus later...