Each member of the Larch family of formal specification languages has a component derived from a programming language and another component common to all programming languages. We call the former interface languages, and the latter the Larch Shared Language. This paper presents version 1.1 of the Larch Shared Language. It has two major sections. The first part starts with a brief introduction t...

BACKGROUND Many theoretical researches predicted that the larch species would decrease drastically in China under future climatic changes. However, responses of the structural and compositional changes of Gmelin larch (Larix gmelinii var. gmelinii) forests to climatic changes have rarely been reported. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Field survey was conducted to examine the structures and com...

We describe the problems encountered in the design of Larch/C++, especially its object-oriented features. We discuss a range of possible solutions to these problems, and give the rationale for our particular solutions. We also present examples of Larch/C++ speci cations and discuss di erences from Larch/C.

An overview is presented of the behavioral interface speci cation language Larch/C++. The features of Larch/C++ used to specify the behavior of C++ functions and classes, including subclasses, are described, with examples. Comparisons are made with other object-oriented specication languages. An innovation in Larch/C++ is the use of examples in function speci cations.

The common cold is a viral infection with important economic burdens in Western countries. The research and development of nutritional solutions to reduce the incidence and severity of colds today is a major focus of interest, and larch arabinogalactan seems to be a promising supportive agent. Arabinogalactan has been consumed by humans for thousands of years and is found in a variety of common...

An overview is presented of the behavioral interface speciication language Larch/C++. The features of Larch/C++ used to specify the behavior of C++ functions and classes, including subclasses, are described, with examples. Comparisons are made with other object-oriented speci-cation languages. An innovation in Larch/C++ is the use of examples in function speciications.

An overview is presented of the behavioral interface speciication language Larch/C++. The features of Larch/C++ used to specify the behavior of C++ functions and classes, including subclasses, are described, with examples. Comparisons are made with other object-oriented speciication languages. An innovation in Larch/C++ is the use of examples in function speciications.

An overview is presented of the behavioral interface speciication language Larch/C++. The features of Larch/C++ used to specify the behavior of C++ functions and classes, including subclasses, are described, with examples. Comparisons are made with other object-oriented speci-cation languages. An innovation in Larch/C++ is the use of examples in function speciications.

An overview is presented of the behavioral interface speci cation language Larch/C++. The features of Larch/C++ used to specify the behavior of C++ functions and classes, including subclasses, are described, with examples. Comparisons are made with other object-oriented speci cation languages. An innovation in Larch/C++ is the use of examples in function speci cations.