the pull- out strength of the reinforcement has a significant role on the function of the most reinforced soil structures. since the coarse grain soils have a better interaction with the reinforcement, they are mostly used in these structures. in most situations, we have to transfer these granular soils from the borrow area, usually far from the site of the project. this will impose a considera...

Localization is a prominent part of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), as without the location information, messages are bound to be invalid on network. Various techniques have been introduced to localize the unknown nodes in the network. The efficiency of localization algorithms depend on the accuracy of localizing the nodes, precisely. The anchor nodes are always limited because of hardware ...

Localization of nodes in a sensor network is essential for the following two reasons: (i) to know the location of a node reporting the occurrence of an event, and (ii) to initiate a prompt action whenever necessary. Different localization techniques have been proposed in the literature. Most of these techniques use three location aware nodes for localization of an unknown node. Moreover, the lo...

After the discovery of grid cells, which are an essential component to understand how the mammalian brain encodes spatial information, three main classes of computational models were proposed in order to explain their working principles. Amongst them, the one based on continuous attractor networks (CAN), is promising in terms of biological plausibility and suitable for robotic applications. How...

This chapter presents a novel grid-based localization technique dedicated for forest fire surveillance systems. The proposed technique estimates the location of sensor node based on the past and current set of hop-count values, which are to be collected through the anchor nodes’ broadcast. The authors’ algorithm incorporates two salient features, grid-based output and event-triggering mechanism...