Field metabolic rate (FMR), using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method, was measured in free-ranging adult kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) early and late in the chick-rearing period at Svalbard, Norway. Individual variation in FMR was analysed by comparing FMR with body mass, sex, nest attendance, chick age, brood size, and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Mean FMR of kittiwakes during the chick-rea...

BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability (ID) worldwide, is caused by the expansion of a CGG repeat in the fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR-1) gene. OBJECTIVES; To review, retrospectively, the genetic services for FXS and other FMR-1-related disorders - including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and FMR-1-related pr...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that mitral valve (MV) enlargement occurring in chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) prevents functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). BACKGROUND Chronic AR causes left ventricular (LV) dilation, creating the potential for FMR. However, FMR is typically absent during compensated AR despite substantial LV enlargement. Increased mitral leaf...

Since 1998, the authors have been working to improve the oral health of children at kindergartens and primary schools in the Kingdom of Tonga (Tonga). Our primary activity has been a school-based fluoride mouth-rinsing (FMR) program. FMR is performed using 7-10 mL of a 0.2% NaF solution for 1 min once per week at each school. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of school-based FMR on ...

Shrews (genus Sorex, small insectivorous mammals) are well known for their extremely high basal metabolic rates (BMRs) even when corrected for their small body size. We measured energy expenditure of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) under natural conditions (field metabolic rate [FMR]) by doubly labeled water method to test whether FMR is proportional to high BMR in this species. The study was ...

Fragile X syndrome is associated with a CGG repeat expansion in the 5'-untranslated region of the FMR-1 gene. Within the FMR-1 promoter a CpG island is frequently methylated in fragile X patients. To identify the effect of methylation on FMR-1 expression, we transfected methylated and unmethylated constructs containing the FMR-1 promoter in front of the CAT gene (pFXCAT) into COS-1 cells. No di...