Chen's biharmonic conjecture is well-known and stays open: The only biharmonic submanifolds of Euclidean spaces are the minimal ones. In this paper, we consider an advanced version of the conjecture, replacing $Delta$ by its extension, $L_1$-operator ($L_1$-conjecture). The $L_1$-conjecture states that any $L_1$-biharmonic Euclidean hypersurface is 1-minimal. We prove that the $L_1$-conje...

Biconservative submanifolds, with important role in mathematical physics and differential geometry, arise as the conservative stress-energy tensor associated to variational problem of biharmonic submanifolds. Many examples biconservative hypersurfaces have constant mean curvature. A famous conjecture Bang-Yen Chen on Euclidean spaces says that everybiharmonic submanifold has null Inspired by co...

The problem of finding \emph{distance} between \emph{pattern} of length $m$ and \emph{text} of length $n$ is a typical way of generalizing pattern matching to incorporate dissimilarity score. For both Hamming and $L_1$ distances only a super linear upper bound $\widetilde{O}(n\sqrt{m})$ are known, which prompts the question of relaxing the problem: either by asking for $1 \pm \varepsilon$ appro...

biharmonic surfaces in euclidean space $mathbb{e}^3$ are firstly studied from a differential geometric point of view by bang-yen chen, who showed that the only biharmonic surfaces are minimal ones. a surface $x : m^2rightarrowmathbb{e}^{3}$ is called biharmonic if $delta^2x=0$, where $delta$ is the laplace operator of $m^2$. we study the $l_k$-biharmonic spacelike hypersurfaces in the $4$-dimen...

Given a prescribed boundary of a Bézier surface, we compare the Bézier surfaces generated by two different methods, i.e., the Bézier surface minimising the biharmonic functional and the unique Bézier surface solution of the biharmonic equation with prescribed boundary. Although often the two types of surfaces look visually the same, we show that they are indeed different. In this paper, we prov...

This paper studies conformal biharmonic immersions. We first study the transformations of Jacobi operator and the bitension field under conformal change of metrics. We then obtain an invariant equation for a conformal biharmonic immersion of a surface into Euclidean 3-space. As applications, we construct a 2-parameter family of non-minimal conformal biharmonic immersions of cylinder into R and ...

Biharmonic surfaces in Euclidean space $mathbb{E}^3$ are firstly studied from a differential geometric point of view by Bang-Yen Chen, who showed that the only biharmonic surfaces are minimal ones. A surface $x : M^2rightarrowmathbb{E}^{3}$ is called biharmonic if $Delta^2x=0$, where $Delta$ is the Laplace operator of $M^2$. We study the $L_k$-biharmonic spacelike hypersurfaces in the $4$-dimen...

Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of rhodamine 6G (R6G) adsorbed on biharmonic metallic grating structures was studied. Biharmonic metallic gratings include two different grating components, one acting as a coupler to excite surface plasmon polaritons (SPP), and the other forming a plasmonic band gap for the propagating SPPs. In the vicinity of the band edges, localized surface plasmons ...