California's flora of hardwood trees has evolved from a mixture of Arctotertiary and Madro-tertiary progenitors under selective pressures of drought and low nutrient availability. Plant growth form and evergreen vs. deciduous leaf duration are important aspects of morphological adaptation to Mediterranean-climate conditions. Architecture and phenology of below-ground tissues may be at least as ...

~ Genetics research in southern hardwoods has moved, during the past decade, from a minor position in a few organizations to major status in most of the South's forest research establishments. This new interest in hardwood tree improvement has stemmed largely from (1) the increasing use of hardwoods for pulp and (2) a decreasing supply of high-quality hardwood sawtimber. These two aspects of th...

Decay and mold resistance of zinc borate (ZB) and calcium borate (CB) modified oriented strandboard (OSB) from southern mixed hardwoods and yellow pine was investigated in this study. Tests were done with brown rot, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and white-rot, Trametes versicolar, fungi for 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Wood species and fungus type had significant influence on the decay resistance. Dec...

The foraging behaviour, diet and habitat use of North Island kokako (Callaeas cinerea wilsoni) were studied in Puketi State Forest from October 1981 to August 1982. Kokako fed mainly from branches and twigs of canopy and upper-understorey plants. Although 68 different foods were eaten, only eight contributed more than 5% to the observed diet in any season. The diet consisted of fruit (44%), unk...

wood resources, non-wood plants and recycled papers are the common raw materials of papermaking. shortage of raw materials, is a challenging problem in developing pulp and paper industry. in this study, cladophora green algae was used as a new source of cellulosic fiberfor pulping and papermaking.. cladophora algae was cooked with cold soda method and then was mixed with nssc pulp at 10,20 and ...

This paper describes the use of electrolyte leakage (EL) from stem tissue as a potential method for assessing cold hardiness of hardwood seedlings. The EL method has seen little use with North American hardwoods, but has successfully predicted conifer hardiness in both controlled and operational settings and has been used experimentally on hardwoods in Europe. Three species of hardwoods—norther...

The southern pines constitute an important commercial crop, and with proper management their rapid growth insures a renewable resource for the southern United States. On upland pine sites, hardwood shrubs and trees, herbaceous plants, and woody vines all compete with the pines for sunlight, growing space, moisture, and nutrients. The loss in pine volume production that results from this competi...