Xiaoyang Zhou 1,2, Canhui Zhao 2, Jian Chai 3,*, Benjamin Lev 4 and Kin Keung Lai 1,5 1 Institute of Cross-Process Perception and Control, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (K.K.L.) 2 International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; [email protected] 3 School of Economics and Management, Xidian Un...

The shear viscosity of a suspension of deformable bubbles dispersed within a Newtonian ̄uid is calculated as a function of the shear rate and strain. The relative importance of bubble deformation in the suspension is characterized by the capillary number (Ca), which represents the ratio of viscous and surface tension stresses. For small Ca, bubbles remain nearly spherical, and for suf®ciently l...

The common occurrence of tree and pole blow-down from pyroclastic currents provides an opportunity to estimate properties of the currents. Blow-down may occur by uprooting (root zone rupture), or flexure or shear at some point on the object. If trees are delimbed before blow-down, each tree or pole can be simulated by a cylinder perpendicular to the current. The force acting on a cylinder is a ...

Abstract Introduction In a recent analysis of PSG studies with six, nine and twelve human scorers, we showed that sleep stage ambiguity is the rule rather than exception, probabilities (SSPs) calculated artificial intelligence provide an excellent estimate this ambiguity. Here investigate clinical demographic factors driving evaluate potential benefits using hypnodensity in addition to traditio...

During late September 1996, a major eruption took place at the NW part of the VatnajoÈkull glacier in central Iceland. The eruption was preceded by intense seismic activity, which began with a Mw ˆ 5:6 earthquake two days previously. Two very active volcanic systems, BaÂrdarbunga and GrimsvoÈtn, are situated in that area underneath the permanent ice cap. The volcanoseismic phenomena associated ...

The Pedregal lavas are fresh, well-exposed basaltic ̄ows erupted from the Xitle scoria-and-cinder cone in the southwestern part of the Basin of Mexico. These lavas cover an area of 70 km and were emplaced over pyramids and other buildings (e.g. Cuicuilco and Copilco archaeological sites). Today, a part of Mexico-City (including the National University) is built on the ̄ows. Initial strombolian a...

Data from a dual-frequency GPS network operated continuously from May 1998±October 1999 on Taal volcano, Philippines, were processed on a daily basis to monitor processes of crustal deformation associated with volcanic activity. During the 16-month period of observations, displacements totaled nearly 30 mm in the horizontal and 50 mm in the vertical over 2.7 and 5.8 km baselines. Relative site ...

This paper lays the foundation for the rigorous treatment of the energetics of gas exsolution from a gas-containing liquid, which powers gas-driven volcanic and limnic eruptions. Various exsolution processes (reversible or irreversible, slow or rapid) are discussed, and the maximum amount of kinetic energy derivable from a reversible gas exsolution process is obtained. The concept of dynamic ir...