PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate how linguistic knowledge interacts with indexical knowledge in older children's perception under demanding listening conditions created by extensive talker variability. METHOD Twenty-five 9- to 12-year-old children, 12 from North Carolina (NC) and 13 from Wisconsin (WI), identified 12 vowels in isolated /hVd/ words produced by 120 talkers rep...

position -4 C50 C49 C48 C47 C46 C45 C44 C43 C42 C41 C40 C39 C38 C37 C36 C35 C34 C33 C32 C31 C30 C29 C28 C27 C26 C25 C24 C23 C22 C21 C20 C19 C18 C17 C16 C15 C14 C13 C12 C11 C10 C9 C8 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 C-index SD P-value mark A 5 7 9 1 8 4 6 2 1 4 8 7 6 9 3 4 3 7 15 10 6 6 9 3 2 5 3 6 8 9 6 3 5 7 7 10 4 7 7 8 5 5 8 2 2 3 1 2 5 5 9 0.618 0.317 8.27E-03 n.s. A C 3 1 2 0 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 7 4 9 1 ...

identity orientations refer to the relative importance that individuals place on various identity attributes or characteristics such as race, religion, culture and language when constructing their self-definitions (chew, 2007; cheek, 1989). accordingly, the present study aims at identifying the impact of identity aspects on the iranian learners' english language achievements at shiraz universit...