The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) protects users from malicious man-in-the-middle attacks by having trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs) vouch for the identity of servers on the internet through digitally signed certificates. Ironically, the mechanism CAs use to issue certificates is itself vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks by network-level adversaries. Autonomous Systems (ASes) can ex...

This paper reports on a natural experiment in the Philadelphia School District. It compares Middle Schools to established K-8 schools, as well as to newly formed K-8 schools that are part of the district’s K-8 conversion policy, in order to determine if the different school structures have an effect on student academic achievement. The outcome is students’ 8 grade mathematics achievement and ou...

IMPORTANCE The latest US Department of Agriculture school meal and competitive venue standards (USDA standards) aim to improve student nutrition and health. However, significant opposition has been raised to their implementation. OBJECTIVE To examine (1) the percentages of US middle and high school students who currently attend schools that have specific components of the USDA standards; (2) ...

BACKGROUND The school food environment is important to target as less healthful food and beverages are widely available at schools. This study examined whether the availability of specific food/beverage items was associated with a number of school environmental factors. METHODS Principals from elementary (n=369) and middle/high schools (n=118) in British Columbia (BC), Canada completed a surv...

OBJECTIVE To identify the epidemical characteristics of suicidal tendency among middle-school students in cities of China and to explore the main factors leading to suicidal tendency in adolescents. METHODS Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 9015 students in grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively from 25 general middle schools in Beijing, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Urumqi of China in ...

This study investigated the relationship between level of stress in middle and high school students aged 12-18 and risk of atopic dermatitis. Data from the Sixth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS-VI), a cross-sectional study among 74,980 students in 800 middle schools and high schools with a response rate of 97.7%, were analyzed. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were conduc...