number of mistaken responses (accuracy), (b) mean reaction time (RT), and (c) the standard deviation of RT (RTSD) over n trials (Deary, 2000; Jensen, 1998, 2007). Accuracy is usually very high in these tasks, RT reflects processing speed, and RTSD measures the intraindividual variability in RT. Speed and efficiency of information processing in these elementary cognitive tasks must be distinguis...

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with fluorescent proteins is a powerful method for detection of protein-protein interactions, enzyme activities and small molecules in the intracellular milieu. Aided by a new violet-excitable yellow-fluorescing variant of Aequorea victoria GFP, we developed dual FRET–based caspase-3 biosensors. Owing to their distinct excitation profiles, each FRET...

© Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2002 Ambio Vol. 31 No. 5, August 2002 http://www.ambio.kva.se INTRODUCTION In this paper, white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and sea eagle are used synonymously. The white-tailed sea eagle population on the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea has been under strong influence of environmental pollution for decades. Consistent breeding failures over sever...

15.2 Nomenclature Comments .......................................... 403 15.2.1 Aphanothece halophytica ............................................. 403 15.2.2 Dactylococcopsis salina ............................................... 403 15.2.3 Halospirulina tapeticola .............................................. 403 15.2.4 Microcoleus chthonoplastes ......................................... ...

Expectations about an upcoming emotional event have the power to shape one s subsequent affective response for better or worse. Here, we used mediation analyses to examine the relationship between brain activity when anticipating the need to cognitively reappraise aversive images, amygdala responses to those images and subsequent success in diminishing negative affect. We found that anticipator...

Definition Learning to avoid aversive outcomes is crucial for survival, and it is ubiquitous in everyday life. This entry focuses on ▶ active avoidance, in which performing a certain behavior prevents an aversive outcome that would otherwise occur. ▶Avoidance learning in that context consists of learning to perform the appropriate behaviors in the appropriate circumstances to prevent aversive o...

How Do Layoff Costs Affect Employment? General equilibrium analyses of layoff costs have had mixed messages on the implications for employment. This paper brings out the economic forces at work and explains the disparate results. Specifically, we show that positive employment effects of layoff costs come through reducing labor reallocation, whereas negative effects come through reducing the pri...

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 402 DIRECT AND INDIRECT METHODS.................................... 402 NONSPECIFIC FLUORESCENCE.................................... 403 RABIES........................................................................................ 403 SMALLPOX.............................................................

INTRODUCTION Nerve growth factor plays a key role in the pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) related chronic pain. The aim of these studies was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical response of AMG 403, a human anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, in healthy volunteers and subjects with knee OA. METHODS Two phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-b...