This study was carried out between May and October, 2010 to morphologically identify Anopheles species in parts of Kano State. A total of 2374 Anopheles were collected and identified. 1782 (75.07%) were collected from Nassarawa Local Government Area while 592 (24.93%) were collected from Tarauni Local Government Area. Using Anopheles characters of Gilles and Coetzee (1987) under zeiss light mic...

We present a collision attack on the hash function HAS-160 reduced to 53-steps. The attack has a complexity of about 2 hash computations. The attack is based on the work of Cho et al. presented at ICISC 2006. In this article, we improve their attack complexity by a factor of about 2 using a slightly different strategy for message modification in the first 20 steps of the hash function.

The question of compatibility of differential paths plays a central role in second order collision attacks on hash functions. In this context, attacks typically proceed by starting from the middle and constructing the middle-steps quartet in which the two paths are enforced on the respective faces of the quartet structure. Finding paths that can fit in such a quartet structure has been a major ...

The proliferative responses to a series of peptides constituting the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 sequence were evaluated in 19 HIV-1-infected rgp160 vaccine recipients, 17 HIV-1-infected rgp120 vaccine recipients, 15 HIV-1-infected placebo recipients, and 18 HIV-1-uninfected controls. Many regions of the gp120 molecule were found to contribute proliferative epitopes, altho...

The experimental results published before May 2021 from the various reaction and decay studies leading to nuclides of Z=59 Z=75, 160Pr, 160Nd, 160Pm, 160Sm, 160Eu, 160Gd, 160Tb, 160Dy, 160Ho, 160Er, 160Tm, 160Yb, 160Lu, 160Hf, 160Ta, 160W, 160Re in A=160 mass chain have been reviewed. These data are summarized presented, together with adopted level schemes properties. This work is intended supe...

straightforward indexes of identity. This lacks analytic validity but reveals the linguistic ideologies upon which the politics of nationalism often turn (Bauman and Briggs 2003). Following Stewart (2001), we should be cautious of modern notions that linguistic form (e.g., Bengali discourse full of Sanskritor Perso-Arabic-derived words) directly reflects an author’s politico-religious stance or...

Chemical Buffering Extracellular buffers, including plasma proteins, phosphates, and bicarbonate, are the earliest defense against acidosis. The most prominent extracellular buffer is bicarbonate, which is highly abundant and acts as a dynamic buffer by independently regulating Pco2 through changes in alveolar ventilation. This feature increases buffering capacity by more than 10-fold. Bufferin...