background: hepatic steatosis due to estrogen therapyincreases the activity of inflammatory markers, particularly theactivity of tnfα which in turn induces more lipogenesis.omega-3 fatty acids are among the negative regulators of hepaticlipogenesis. objectives: in this research, the preventive effectof omega-3 fatty acids on estrogen-induced steatosis in rats wasevaluated. methods:2 mg/kg. bw/s...

OBJECTIVE To investigate if continuation rates in first-time users of oral hormonal contraceptives differed between different formulations and to measure if the rates were related to the prescribing categories, that is, physicians and midwives. DESIGN A longitudinal national population-based registry study. SETTING The Swedish prescribed drug register. PARTICIPANTS All women born between ...

Estrogen-induced cholestasis is characterized by impaired hepatic uptake and biliary bile acids secretion because of changes in hepatocyte transporter expression. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), the inducible isozyme in heme catabolism, is mediated via the Bach1/Nrf2 pathway, and protects livers from toxic, oxidative and inflammatory insults. However, its role in cholestasis remains ...

Recently, YY super-male yellow catfish had been created by hormonal-induced sex reversal and sex-linked markers, which provides a promising research model for fish sex differentiation and gonad development, especially for testis development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been revealed to play crucial roles in the gene regulation and gonad development in vertebrates. In this study, three small RNA lib...

Background. Activation of PPAR α modulates cholesterol metabolism and suppresses bile acid synthesis. This study aims to evaluate the effect of PPAR α agonists, fenofibrate, bezafibrate, and gemfibrozil, on acute cholestasis induced by ethinylestradiol (EE) plus chlorpromazine (CPZ) in rats. Method. 100 male albino rats (150-200 gm) were divided randomly into 10 equal groups. Control group rece...

Parental full life-cycle exposure to ethinylestradiol (EE₂) significantly affects embryo development and survival. One of the possible mechanisms of action of EE₂ may involve the impairment of an organism's ability to repair DNA damage. DNA repair mechanisms have sophistically evolved to overcome DNA damaging hazards that threaten the integrity of the genome. In the present study, changes in th...

Each active light yellow tablet contains: Ethinylestradiol 30 micrograms Drospirenone 3 mg For full list of excipients, see section 6.1 List of excipients. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM YASMIN active tablet Light yellow round film-coated tablets marked on one side with the letters “DO” in a regular hexagon, each containing drospirenone 3 mg and ethinylestradiol 30 μg. YASMIN placebo tablet White, roun...

Environmental Protection includes programs that are aimed to reducing risks the environment from hazardous materials and chemical wastes. Nowadays, 17α-ethinylestradiol, a synthetic estrogen, has become one of most commonly used active ingredients for oral contraception, interfere with normal functioning endocrine systems, thus affecting reproduction development in wildlife. The fresh water foo...

The role of specific cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms in the metabolism of ethinylestradiol (EE) was evaluated. The recombinant human P450 isozymes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 were found to be capable of catalyzing the metabolism of EE (1 M). Without exception, the major metabolite was 2-hydroxy-EE. The highest catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) was observed with rCYP1A1, followed by...