A novel mosquito feeding system for routine blood-feeding of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus was developed and evaluated. The system consisted of a collagen membrane casing filled with specific pathogen free (SPF) mini-pig blood, which is warmed by a simple in-house designed heating device. Blood feeding rate, fecundity, survival rate and hatchability of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus coloni...

phiX174 was developed as a model system for experimental studies of evolution because of its small genome size and ease of cultivation. It has been used extensively to address statistical questions about the dynamics of adaptive evolution. Molecular changes seen during experimental evolution of phiX174 under a variety of conditions were compiled from 10 experiments comprising 58 lineages, where...

Glyceollins, one family of phytoalexins, are de novo synthesised from daidzein in the soyabean upon exposure to some types of fungus. The efficiency of glyceollin production appears to be influenced by soyabean variety, fungal species, and the degree of physical damage to the soyabean. The compounds have been shown to have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and to inhibit the ...

NMCS (networked measurement–control systems) are widely used in applications ranging from difficult process control to simple discrete manufacturing. Usually, these systems impose real-time requirements on the nodes and communication networks (Kopetz, 1997; Sha and Sathaye, 1995). Stankovic (1988) defines realtime computing systems as those systems in which the correctness of the system depends...

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is one of the most frequently used plasma substitutes. Recent studies have indicated that HES may reduce capillary leakage. The present in vivo study was performed to investigate the effects of HES on pulmonary capillary permeability, inflammatory mediators, and transcription factors in sepsis. Septic rats induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were treated with ...

QUESTION UNDER STUDY We determine the causes of secular changes in the average height of the male Swiss population for the first time by analysing an unbiased, individually measured, highly representative height-data sample of 18- and 19-year-old Swiss conscripts (N = 458,322) at the national level spanning the years 1992 to 2009. Furthermore, we add historical context based on earlier data fro...