The core promoter mutants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) emerge as the dominant viral population at the late HBeAg and the anti-HBe stages of HBV infection, with the A1762T/G1764A substitutions as the hotspot mutations. The double core promoter mutations were found by many investigators to moderately enhance viral genome replication and reduce hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) expression. A much higher...

The cells from plasmacytomas induced in BALB/c and susceptible BALB/c congenic strains of mice by pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) (1) have non-random chromosomal translocations, rcpt (6;15) or rcpt(12;15) (2, 3). To date, the karyotypes of 27 early transfer generation or primary pristine-induced plasmacytomas have determined, and 26 of the tumors have either rcpt(6; 15) or rcpt(12;1...

A translational stop in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore codon 28 and specific changes in the core promoter region of the X gene have been suggested to influence the level of circulating HBeAg in patients. We analysed the core promoter region and precore sequences from 59 HBV strains (including 14 from the databank) of different genotypes and from patients with different HBeAg/anti-HBe patte...

Several type C RNA-transforming viruses have been shown to contain acquired cellular sequences within preexisting viral genes (I-3). In many instances expression of proteins encoded by such sequences occurs by inphase read through of translation initiated at the 5' terminus of the viral genome. Resulting polyprotein translational products contain type C viral gag gene amino terminal structural ...

A major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is hepatitis B virus (HBV), whose pathogenesis is exacerbated by the acquisition of mutations that accelerate carcinogenesis. We examined, with mass spectrometry, the temporality of an HBV 1762(T)/1764(A) double mutation in plasma and tumors. Initial studies found that 52 of 70 (74.3%) tumors from patients residing in Qidong, People's Repub...

Cross-sectional analyses showed that the prevalence of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations (nt 1762T, 1764A) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) gradually increases with age. We aimed to determine the incidence rate of the mutations over 10 years. Study subjects were selected from the Long An cohort established in 2004, including 59 with HBV with single mutations at nt 1762 or 1764 in the BCP and...

The author studied noble parliamentary assemblies for many years. He knows a lot of their documents and he wrote works on assemblies. Currently, two large volumes have been published. One is printed assemblies’ from 18th century. other Poznan assembly’s monograph concerning the years 1764–1793. In connection to this, shares his thoughts century states that in general there are more 17th beginni...

etables such as spinach and kale. It has a structure similar to that of beta-carotene, which is the forerunner material of vitamin A. Vitamin C and vitamin E have received much attention recently due to their antioxidant activities. It has been reported that lutein modulates cellular oxidative status. Since lutein has maximum absorption at 445 nm, it can act as a blue-light filter (400—460 nm)....