according to the extent of damage to the crops and irrigation canals the nesokia indica is ‎one of the most important rodent pests in iran. cymag is a registered product in the country to ‎control citellus fulvus and large amount of it is available at present. with the aim of studying ‎the effect of it on the n. indica experiments were conducted under field conditions in tehran ‎and kerman prov...

The effect of chronic phostoxin administration on some tissue ATPases, hematology and tissue histopathology was investigated using a combination of gravimetric, enzymatic, colorimetric and histological procedures in New Zealand White rabbits after 2 weeks administration of 0.8mg phostoxin/kg body weight/day, po. The phostoxin treatment led to significant decreases in Na(+)-K+ ATPase activities ...

The California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) is widely distributed throughout California. It causes serious damage to agricultural crops. Tests were conducted to evaluate the fumigant aluminum phosphide (Phostoxin®) and to compare it to the commonly used gas cartridge. Treatments consisted of applying either a single-dose (two 3-gm tablets) or double-dose (four 3-gm tablets) of alumin...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES ZCL is a growing threat in many rural areas of Iran which involves 17 out of 31 provinces. This study was conducted from April to November 2011 for evaluation of the efficacy of phostoxin and zinc phosphide against rodents. METHODS Rodent control operations were carried out using phostoxin and zinc phosphide. To evaluate the effect of rodent control operation on the ma...

Insecticidal activity of essential oil extracted from Morinda lucida was tested on pulse beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, which is a pest that causes serious damage to several pulses. The insecticidal activity was compared with two pesticides, Phostoxin and Primo-ban-20. 120 mixed sex adult C. maculatus were introduced, along with 30 g of cowpeas. Four concentrations (0.40, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.05...

During burrow digging by the mole cricket Scapteriscus acletus Rehn and Hubbard, the burrow is enlarged and shaped in a series of digging cycles, each lasting 1—2min, and song chirps are produced after every cycle. The song becomes up to 18 dB louder and acoustically purer during burrow building. The shape of the song pulse envelope changes so that its average power density becomes greater and ...

Burrow systems of earthworms contained in artificial cores were analysed through X-ray computed tomography and 3D skeleton reconstructions. Gas diffusion experiments were carried out on these cores to characterize soil transfer properties associated with the different burrow systems. Three types of cores were studied: cores in which Aporrectodea nocturna, an anecic earthworm was introduced (tre...

Many soft-bodied invertebrates use a flexible, fluid-filled hydrostatic skeleton for burrowing. The aim of our study was to compare the scaling and morphology between surface-dwelling and burrowing earthworm ecotypes to explore the specializations of non-rigid musculoskeletal systems for burrowing locomotion. We compared the scaling of adult lumbricid earthworms across species and ecotypes to d...

The structural and functional consequences of changes in size or scale have been well studied in animals with rigid skeletons, but relatively little is known about scale effects in animals with hydrostatic skeletons. We used glycol methacrylate histology and microscopy to examine the scaling of mechanically important morphological features of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris over an ontogenet...

After the discovery of aerial embryonic incubation in mudskippers, it was found that male induces larval hatching by removing air from egg-chamber so eggs immerse water. Do adults provide additional support to newly hatched larvae help them leave life-endangering hypoxic water inside burrow? This paper compares 18 events 3 species: dusky gilled mudskipper, Pearse´s mudskipper and slender mudski...