The patterning and morphogenesis of body appendages – such as limbs and fins – is orchestrated by the activities of several developmental pathways.Wnt signalling is essential for the induction of limbs. However, it is unclear whether a canonical Wnt signalling gradient exists and regulates the patterning of epithelium in vertebrate appendages. Using an evolutionarily old appendage – the median ...

Colloidal particles placed in an energy landscape interact with each other, giving rise to complex dynamic behavior that affects the ability to process and manipulate suspensions of these particles. Propagating across scales ranging from the local behavior of 10’s of particles to non-local behavior encompassing >10 particles, these particle interactions are pervasive and challenging to describe...

Quantification methods employing stable isotope-labeled peptide standards and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry are increasingly being used to measure enzyme amounts in biologic samples. Isoform concentrations, combined with catalytic information, can be used in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies to improve accuracy of in vitro/in vivo predictions. We quant...

Quantification methods employing stable isotope-labeled peptide standards and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry are increasingly being used to measure enzyme amounts in biologic samples. Isoform concentrations, combined with catalytic information, can be used in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies to improve accuracy of in vitro/in vivo predictions. We quant...

This study is about four cacti species in the state of Chihuahua, (Coryphantha macromeris, Mammillaria lasiacantha, Echinocereus dasyacanthus and Ferocactus wislizenii). Geographic distribution was inferred with MaxEnt. Projection was estimated under three scenarios simulated from IPCC (A2, B1 and A1B) and four periods (2000, 2020, 2050 and 2080) with 19 climatic variables. MaxEnt projects a sp...

BACKGROUND Anopheles albimanus is among the most important vectors of human malaria in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean Basin (M-C). Here, we use topographic data and 1950-2000 climate (near present), and future climate (2080) layers obtained from general circulation models (GCMs) to project the probability of the species' presence, p(s), using the species distribution model MaxEnt. RESULTS The ...

www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of January 8, 2009 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5524/2080 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5524/2080#otherarticles ...

We used species distribution modeling to investigate the potential effects of climate change on 24 species of Neotropical anurans of the genus Melanophryniscus. These toads are small, have limited mobility, and a high percentage are endangered or present restricted geographical distributions. We looked at the changes in the size of suitable climatic regions and in the numbers of known occurrenc...

[This corrects the article on p. 2080 in vol. 7, PMID: 28066394.].