although the status of women in dramatic literature of resistance has always been criticized by critics and researchers of theatre in our country, there has been no change in the authors’ approach or their policy making. it seems that despite diagnosing the problem researchers and writers feel uncertain in how to tackle the problem and change the conditions. the main reason is the lack of knowl...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Of the two reservoirs of infection of kala-azar i.e., patients of kala-azar and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), PKDL provides easy access for the sandfly to pick up the parasites. In the last epidemic of 1977 in India, the importance of PKDL as a potential cause of increase in number of kala-azar cases was ignored. During recent years, we found an increase in ...

INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection with Leishmania infantum or Leishmania donovani, the agents of visceral leishmaniasis (or kala-azar), has become a fatal public health problem in the tropics where kala-azar is endemic. METHODS The clinical presentation of patients with HIV and L. infantum coinfection is described using two unique databases that together produce the ...

Southern Sudan is one of the areas in eastern Africa most affected by visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), but lack of security and funds has hampered control. Since 2005, the return of stability has opened up new opportunities to expand existing interventions and introduce new ones.

the patient had visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), successfully treated with 30 intramuscular injections of sodium stibogluconate (SSG). Polymerase chain reaction showed Leishmania donovani DNA in a buffy coat specimen. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a chronic skin rash usually seen in apparently cured kala-azar patients in East Africa and South Asia. In the Indian subcontinent,...

Leishmania donovani in India causes visceral infection (kala-azar) and dermal infection (post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis). We report here the identification of polymorphism in a well-defined genetic locus among the Leishmania parasites causing the visceral and dermal manifestations, in a comparison of 15 post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and 12 kala-azar patient isolates.

BACKGROUND An improved understanding in transmission variation of kala-azar is fundamental to conduct surveillance and implementing disease prevention strategies. This study investigated the spatio-temporal patterns and hotspot detection for reporting kala-azar cases in Vaishali district based on spatial statistical analysis. METHODS Epidemiological data from the study area during 2007-2011 w...

uncommon but grave complication. During the recent outbreak of kala-azar in Calcutta that commenced after the Bengal famine of 1943. increasing numbers of seriously complicated cases of kala-azar were seen (Sen Gupta, 1947) and one of the grave complications was pneumococcal meningitis. During the last two years, 1945 and 1946, four cases of kala-azar who had developed this complication were ad...

We give an algorithmic framework for minimizing general convex objectives (that are differentiable and monotone non-decreasing) over a set of covering constraints that arrive online. This substantially extends previous work on online covering for linear objectives (Alon et al., STOC 2003) and online covering with offline packing constraints (Azar et al., SODA 2013). To the best of our knowledge...

In the Indian Medical Gazette for June 1927, Chopra, Gupta, and David described a new serum test for kala-azar. These workers observed that when certain organic compounds of antimony were brought in contact with the serum from kala-azar patients in a miniature testtube, a thick flocculent precipitate was formed at the junction of the two; whereas with nonkala-azar sera no such precipitation occ...