Rapid advances in observational cosmology have led to the establishment of a precision cosmological model, with many of the key cosmological parameters determined to one or two significant figure accuracy. Particularly prominent are measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, led by the seven-year results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) [1–3]. However th...

Many years ago various new concepts have been introduced into Isabelle to support the Isar proof language. While the original motivation was coming from the demands of human-readable proof texts, most of this infrastructure has turned out as generally useful in building other advanced mechanisms. So today “Isar” concepts already permeate large parts of Isabelle, enabling simpler and more powerf...

Today, people collect their personal multimedia content on home media servers. In addition to consuming their content on TV sets, people are using mobile multimedia players, PCs and even mobile phones. Since those terminals have various capabilities, it is necessary to adapt the content to a more device specific version. For audio, video, and graphics scalable codecs exist which realize this go...

To investigate the development of motion integration in infants, we used an eye movement technique to measure subjects' ability to track leftward versus rightward pattern motion in a stimulus consisting of a field of spatially segregated moving gratings. Each grating moved in one of two oblique directions, with the two directions interleaved across the display. When spatially integrated, patter...

Two initially presumed Yqh translocations, one to Xp and another to 21p, were assessed by conventional banding procedures, 5-azacytidine treatment, electron microscopy, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. While the Yqh nature of the heterochromatic block from Xp was confirmed, this was not the case with the 21ph+ variant. In conclusion, conventional banding techniques are insufficient to di...

The chromatic properties of an image yield strong cues for object boundaries and thus hold the potential to facilitate the detection of object motion. The extent to which cortical motion detectors exploit chromatic information, however, remains a matter of debate. To address this further, we quantified the strength of chromatic input to directionally selective neurons in the middle temporal are...

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of our study was to assess serum levels of IL-21 in patients with recent-onset RA in relation to disease activity and response to treatment. We analyzed serum levels of IL-21 in 51 RA patients, both before and 12 weeks after the initiation of treatment and in 36 healthy individuals. Disease ...