Despite its environmental (and financial) importance, there is no agreement in the literature as to which extractant most accurately estimates the phytoavailability of trace metals in soils. A large data set was taken from the literature, and the effectiveness of various extractants to predict the phytoavailability of Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb examined across a range of soil types and contaminatio...

Matching biosolids application rates to crop phosphorus (P) needs requires quantifying the P fertilizer replacement value of biosolids. Neutral ammonium citrate (NAC) extraction of P, used for assessing available P in mineral fertilizers, was evaluated for 35 different biosolids. Biosolids NAC-P was not statistically different (p 1⁄4 0.05) from total P using strong acid digestion (EPA 3051-P). ...

To reduce Cd phytoavailability in calcareous soils, the effects of soil amendments of red mud, rape straw, and corn straw in combination with zinc fertilization on Cd extractability and phytoavailability to spinach, tomato, Chinese cabbage and radish were investigated in a calcareous soil with added Cd at 1.5 mg kg-1. The results showed that water soluble and exchangeable Cd in soils was signif...

Food chain contamination by soil cadmium (Cd) through vegetable consumption poses a threat to human health. Therefore, an understanding is needed on the relationship between the phytoavailability of Cd in soils and its uptake in edible tissues of vegetables. The purpose of this study was to establish soil Cd thresholds of representative Chinese soils based on dietary toxicity to humans and deve...

Trace element solubility and availability in land-applied residuals is governed by fundamental chemical reactions between metal constituents, soil, and residual components. Iron, aluminum, and manganese oxides; organic matter; and phosphates, carbonates, and sulfides are important sinks for trace elements in soil-residual systems. The pH of the soil-residual system is often the most important c...

Background Recent evidence supports the existence of a trauma induced secondary cardiac injury (TISCI) that is associated with poor clinical outcome [1]. Cardiac dysfunction has been demonstrated as early as 30mins after injury and is characterised by reduced contractility that is unresponsive to increased perfusion and preload [2].Inflammation is implicated as a key aetiological factor [1,3]. ...

A greenhouse experiment has been planned for this study to delineate the benefits of two types of rice husk biochars (namely B300 and B600 which are prepared at 300°C and 600°C, respectvely) and coal fly ash (CFA), as soil amendments, for decreasing the amount of some heavy metals (like Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Cu) as well as mobility and phytoavailability in an artificially-calcareous multi-element...

A greenhouse experiment has been planned for this study to delineate the benefits of two types of rice husk biochars (namely B300 and B600 which are prepared at 300°C and 600°C, respectvely) and coal fly ash (CFA), as soil amendments, for decreasing the amount of some heavy metals (like Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Cu) as well as mobility and phytoavailability in an artificially-calcareous multi-element...

Peanut seeds were prepared with variations in roasting conditions. Positive correlations were obtained between loss of aflatoxins in the products and the roasting conditions. Seeds dryroasted at 140C for 40 min resulted in 58.8% and 64.5% reductions in AFB1 and AFG1, those roasted at 150C for 25 minutes resulted in 68.5% and 73.3% reductions in AFB1 and AFG1, respectively. Roasting at150C for 3...

Chitosan coated alginate microcapsules were developed as oral sustained delivery carriers for anti tubercular drugs in order to improve patient compliance, to reduce dose/dosing frequency in the management of tuberculosis (TB), which otherwise demands prolonged chemotherapy. Alginate–chitosan microparticles encapsulating three frontline anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs), rifampicin, isoniazide and...