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یکی از مسائلی که در حال حاضر در علم حقوق مطرح است، مسئولیّت یعنی پاسخگویی در قبال خسارات و ضررها است، آن چه از دیرباز تحت عنوان نفی اضرار به دیگران و پرهیز از بر جای گذاشتن ضررهای جبران نشده شناخته شده و مورد توجّه قرار گرفته بود. اصل لزوم جبران خسارت، پایه و اساس قواعد مسئولیّت بوده و همه ی نظام های حقوقی در مورد آن اتّفاق نظر دارند، لذا فاعل زیان ملزم به جبران خسارت وارده به متضرّر خواهد بود. برای...
Spontaneous antispiral wave formation was observed during the simulation of typical reaction-diffusion systems using differential equations models. The equations for the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN), complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) and the two-variable Oregonator models were integrated using Runge-Kutta methods. It was found that antispiral waves can occur only near the Hopf bifurcation, i.e. the point ...
It is suggested that a transition is taking place towards new modes of organising transnational corporations’ innovative activities. First, different units of multinational firms, including foreign-based subsidiaries, are increasingly involved in the generation, use and transmission of knowledge. Secondly, multinationals are developing external networks of relationships with local counterparts,...
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) plays an important role in estrogen-dependent breast tumorigenesis, but its regulation is poorly understood. A subset of microRNAs (miRNA, miR) is regulated by estrogen and contributes to cellular proliferation and cancer progression. Here, we describe that miR-515-5p is transcriptionally repressed by estrogen receptor α (ERα) and functions as a tumor suppressor in br...
According to the POST, herpetologists (scientists who study amphibians and reptiles) have reported finding frogs with missing legs, extra legs, misshapen legs, paralyzed legs that stuck out from the body at odd places, legs that were webbed together with extra skin, legs that were fused to the body, and legs that split into two half-way down. They have also found frogs with missing eyes. One on...
Here, we show that miR-515-5p inhibits cancer cell migration and metastasis. RNA-seq analyses of both oestrogen receptor receptor-positive and receptor-negative breast cancer cells overexpressing miR-515-5p reveal down-regulation of NRAS, FZD4, CDC42BPA, PIK3C2B and MARK4 mRNAs. We demonstrate that miR-515-5p inhibits MARK4 directly 3' UTR interaction and that MARK4 knock-down mimics the effect...
Dysregulation of human trophoblast invasion and differentiation can result in preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with significant morbidity and mortality for mother and offspring. miRNA microarray analysis of RNA from human cytotrophoblasts (CytT), before and after differentiation to syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) in primary culture, revealed that members of miR-515 family-incl...
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) plays an important role in estrogen-dependent breast tumorigenesis, but its regulation is poorly understood. A subset ofmicroRNAs (miRNA,miR) is regulated by estrogen and contributes to cellular proliferation and cancer progression. Here, we describe that miR-515-5p is transcriptionally repressed by estrogen receptora (ERa) and functions as a tumor suppressor in breas...
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