Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen involved in many developmental processes. Injection of cells (5E1) that produce a Shh-blocking antibody causes an attenuation of the Shh response, and this causes vascular malformations and impaired remodeling characterized by hemorrhages and protrusions of the anterior cardinal vein and outflow tract, delayed fusion of the dorsal aortae, impaired branching o...

1 Physiology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 2 Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada P7B 5E1 3 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina 4 Santa Casa de Misericórdia School of Medicine (EMESCAM), 29027-502 Vitória, ES, Brazil 5 Pharmacology Department, University o...

1School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada P7B 5E1 2Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 3Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China 4Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China 5School of Life Science, Shanx...

1GVSA and University of Tasmania, 20 Virgina Court, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia 2 Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B 5E1 3 Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto GECAD, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal 4University of Perugia, Via Vanvitelli 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy 5National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan 6 JPL NASA, The California I...

G. Björk,1 H. de Guise,2 A. B. Klimov,3 P. de la Hoz,4 and L. L. Sánchez-Soto4 1Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Physics, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 5E1 3Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44420 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico 4Departamento de Óptica...

Hedgehog (HH) signaling is activated in various lymphoid malignancies, but conflicting results exist about its role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we demonstrate that the expression of essential HH pathway components like GLI1, PTCH1, and the HH ligands is highly diverse in CLL. A subset of 36.7% of 60 tested CLL samples responded to all 3 SMOOTHENED (SMO) inhibitors, whereas 40% ...

Endochondral bone formation begins with the development of a cartilage intermediate that is subsequently replaced by calcified bone. The mechanisms occurring during early chondrogenesis that control both mesenchymal cell differentiation into chondrocytes and cell proliferation are not clearly understood in vertebrates. Indian hedgehog (Ihh), one of the hedgehog signaling molecules, is known to ...

O. Rubel,1,2,* A. Bokhanchuk,1 S. J. Ahmed,3 and E. Assmann4 1Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 6V4 2Department of Physics, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 5E1 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 4Institute for Solid State Physics, ...

Taste buds on the anterior part of the tongue develop in conjunction with epithelial-mesenchymal specializations in the form of gustatory (taste) papillae. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) are expressed in developing taste papillae, but the roles of these signaling molecules in specification of taste bud progenitors and in papillary morphogenesis are unclear. We show...