OBJECTIVES Short sleep has been associated with adolescent obesity. Most studies used a cross-sectional design and modeled BMI categories. We sought to determine if sleep duration was associated with BMI distribution changes from age 14 to 18. METHODS Adolescents were recruited from suburban high schools in Philadelphia when entering ninth grade (n = 1390) and were followed-up every 6 months ...

BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has become a serious public health threat worldwide due to its many short- and long-term adverse health effects. We assessed the association between weight status and metabolic co-morbidities among South Korean children using nationally representative data. METHODS Data from the 2007-2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1,526 children a...

BACKGROUND Prevalence of obesity in children has been increasing during recent decades all over the world. Obesity, particularly central obesity, is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to assess obesity and central obesity in 6-11 year old Birjand elementary school children, East of Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1...

Objective: To assess the occurrence of cardiometabolic risk (RCmet) in children aged 5 to 9 years old born premature compared those at term. Methodology: Cross-sectional study which enrolled urban municipal schools were evaluated. They divided into two groups: low income and middle income, considering that economic status is one social determinants health. The total sample was 132 children, cla...

This paper analyzes empirical income distributions and proposes a simple stochastic model to explain the stationary distribution and deviations from it. Using the individual tax returns data in the U.S. and Japan for 40 years, we first summarize the shape of income distribution by an exponential decay up to about the 90th percentile of income and a power decay for the top 1 percent. We then pro...

Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of enhanced auditory feedback on typing force, electromyography (EMG) and subjective discomfort. The introduction of enhanced auditory feedback caused a 10-20% reduction in 90th percentile typing force, finger flexor EMG, and finger extensor EMG. Adaptation to the enhanced auditory feedback occurred in <3 min. After 1 week of intermittent enha...

We study the effect of social information on the voluntary provision of public goods. Competing theories predict that others contributions might be either substitutes or complements to one’s own. We demonstrate a positive social information effect on individual contributions, supporting theories of complementarities. We find the most influential level of social information is drawn from the 90t...

Background: Recent epidemiological studies have found that the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) has significantly increased among children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between short sleep duration and risk of prehypertension and hypertension in Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 12 to 15 years. Methods: An epidemiological case-control st...

Network Coordinate (NC) system is an efficient and scalable mechanism to estimate the distance between Internet hosts. However, the existence of Triangle Inequality Violation (TIV) decreases the accuracy of NC system. With focus on most widely used NC system, Vivaldi, we propose an effective mechanism of neighbor selection based on TIV Severity Sort to improve Vivaldi performance. By sorting ex...

BACKGROUND Inorganic forms of arsenic are much more highly toxic to humans than organic species. Their effects include being carcinogenic, genotoxic and neurotoxic, where in the latter case, above all, they affect nervous system development in the foetus, infants and children. The main foodstuffs contributing significantly to its total dietary intake are drinking water, rice (and its products),...