Background: Atrazine (ATR) is herbicide which is known to induce endocrine disruption. According to previous reports, long-time exposure to ATR leads to severe seminiferous tubules degeneration and significant reduction in sperm content. Moreover this chemical exerts its pathological impact partly by inducing oxidative stress. Therefore present study was designed in order to evaluate protective...

this study was designed to evaluate the detrimental effect of atrazine (atr) on germinal epitheliums (ge) cytoplasmic carbohydrate (ch) and unsaturated fatty acids (ufa) ratio and to clarify the effect of atr on serum levels of fsh, lh, testosterone and inhibin-b (inh-b). the impact of atr exposure on total antioxidant capacity (tac), sperm dna packing and integrity were also investigated. seve...

background: atrazine (atr) is used as an agriculture herbicide worldwide. it has been shown that atr adversely affect the reproductive system in rodents. in this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of chronic exposure to atrazine (atr) on male testicular tissue, sperm parameters, serum level of total thiol molecules (ttm) and malodialdehyde (mda) content of testes. methods: to follow-up this ...

Studies showed that early postnatal exposure to the herbicide atrazine (ATR) delayed preputial separation (PPS) and increased incidence of prostate inflammation in adult Wistar rats. A cross-fostering paradigm was used in this study to determine if gestational exposure to ATR would also result in altered puberty and reproductive tissue effects in the male rat. Timed-pregnant Long-Evans (LE) rat...

Background: Atrazine (ATR), an herbicide, is used in order to control broadleaf and grassy weed. ATR has been estimated to impact the testicular tissue both by inhibiting the endocrine system and partly by reducing the antioxidant status. Thus, current study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of vitamin E and testosterone against ATR-induced damages in testicular tissue. Materials a...

Background: According to several reports there is a positive correlation between the lowered quality of semen and any exposure to toxic compound specially those particularly disrupt endocrine functions. Like other herbicides atrazine (ATR) induces endocrine disruption and consequently interferes with sexual hormones physiological functions. Therefore current study was designed in order to evalu...

This study was designed to evaluate the detrimental effect of atrazine (ATR) on germinal epitheliums (GE) cytoplasmic carbohydrate (CH) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) ratio and to clarify the effect of ATR on serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and inhibin-B (INH-B). The impact of ATR exposure on total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm DNA packing and integrity were also investigated. Seve...

ATR is an apical kinase in one of the DNA-damage induced checkpoint pathways. Despite the development of inhibitors of kinases structurally related to ATR, as well as inhibitors of the ATR substrate Chk1, no ATR inhibitors have yet been developed. Here we review the effects of ATR downregulation in cancer cells and discuss the potential for development of ATR inhibitors for clinical use.

ATM, primarily activated by DNA double-strand breaks, and ATR, activated by single-stranded DNA, are master regulators of the cellular response to DNA damage. In primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, ATR signaling is considered to be switched off due to ATR downregulation. Here, we hypothesized that ATR, though expressed at low protein level, could play a role in primary resting CLL...