This aim of this study was to evaluate the root apex of mandibular premolars regarding the presence of main and accessory foramina. The root apexes from fifty extracted mandibular single-rooted premolars were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The apical openings had their diameter measured and were identified as main or accessory foramina. Double blinded and calibrated examiners a...

 The scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the ultrastructures of the egg membrane surface (unfertilized egg) of an endemic cyprinid fish, Cyprinion tenuiradius Heckel, 1849. The eggs of this species were almost circular in shape, had a smooth surface and one type II micropyle consisting of the flat pit and a long canal in the animal polar region. The micropyle region was not fla...

of the right lower lobe, draining in the posterior aspect of the LA. The 4 PVs were electrically isolated by radiofrequency ablation, while sparing the accessory PV because of its small diameter and absence of electric activity in the interior. Accessory or supernumerary PVs can arise during embryologic development, and result in additional, separate openings of the LA with typically narrower a...

BACKGROUND Information on anatomy of intrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic vein openings in it is limited. METHODS We studied the retrohepatic segment of IVC and hepatic vein openings in it in 69 livers obtained from cadavers. The retrohepatic portion of the IVC was opened posteriorly by a vertical cut, the exposed surface was divided into 12 quadrants and the position, size, and ...

Figure 1: Enlarged phallus with accessory phallic urethra in female (46XX) Figure 2: Absent labia minora and normal vaginal and anal openings Figure 3 – Schematic diagram showing phallus with accessory phallic urethra A newborn presented on second day of life with enlarged phallus with urethral opening in it (Fig. 1), im-palpable external gonads, normal vaginal opening, and normal anus (Fig. 2)...

Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle requires the release of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) through ryanodine receptor (RyR1) channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Half of the RyR1 channels are activated by voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. In planar lipid bilayers, RyR1 channels exhibited simultaneous openings and closings, termed "coupled gating." Addi...

Cor triatriatum is the term given to a rare congenital abnorTnality of the heart in which a septum separates what is apparently one of the atria into upper posterior and lower anterior chambers. With few exceptions, the septum has always been present on the left side of the heart. Other names given to the same anomaly naturally reflect the authors' views concerning the nature and origin of the ...

The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of radiopaque dye, decalcification, and histological sectioning in detection of accessory canals in mandibular 1 st molars. 30 Extracted mandibular 1 st molars were selected. The teeth selected for the study were stored in normal saline. Endodontic access openings were made using a round bur and pulp tissue was removed from the pulp chamber usi...

T HIS study is a supplement to my previous article entitled “A Stereomicroscopic Study of the Root apices of 400 Maxillary and Mandibular Anterior Teeth. “l I have thus completed the analysis of posterior as well as anterior teeth.2 The purpose of this article is to establish with greater precision than has heretofore been attained the morphology of the canal at the root apex, the major apical ...

The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over energy resources and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since the global contribution from residential buildings towards energy consumption, has steadily increased between 20% and 40% and as large openings have considerable energy and heat loss in dwellings, this paper establishes a coefficient of heat loss and air infiltration ...