Nowadays, underground structures play vital role in developing different countries. Such structures are constructed in many civil activities such as development of road and railways, subways, water, gas and sewage lines, underground subways, nuclear wastes land filling, fuel storage and military installations. With an appropriate drilling method being selected, instabilities created in tunnels ...

This paper aims to obtain the optimal distance between the adjacent structures using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm considering structure-soil-structure systems; The optimization algorithm has been prepared in MATLAB software and connected into OpenSees software (where the structure-soil-structure system has been analyzed by the direct approach). To this end, a series of adjacent s...

This paper is dedicated to the study of smashing weight structures (these are "coherent with coproducts"), and application their properties t-structures. In particular, we prove that hearts compactly generated t-structures Grothendieck abelian categories; this statement strengthens earlier results several other authors. The central theorem as follows: any perfect (as defined by Neeman) set obje...

Seismic pounding occurs as a result of lateral vibration and insufficient separation distance between two adjacent structures during earthquake excitation. This research aims to evaluate the stochastic behavior of adjacent structures with equal heights under earthquake-induced pounding. For this purpose, many stochastic analyses through comprehensive numerical simulations are carried out. About...