estrogen (e2) has neuroprotective effects on blood-brain-barrier (bbb) after traumatic brain injury (tbi). in order to investigate the roles of estrogen receptors (ers) in these kind of effects, er-α antagonist (mpp) and, er-β antagonist (phtpp), or non-selective estrogen receptors antagonist (ici 182780) were administered as regulators of cns cytokines levels and neuroinflammation after tbi. m...

background and purpose: the clinical outcome of intrauterine insemination (iui) treatment cycles employing a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist [superfact)] or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) for ovulation induction was compared. materials and methods: a group of 100 patients presenting with amenorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea or unexplained infertility were all treated with clomiphene 100 mg...

g -aminobutiric acid (gaba), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system has two major receptor subtypes (gabaa and gabab). gabab receptors are activated by the antispastic and muscle relaxant agent, baclofen, which is a lipophilic derivative of gaba. since 1962 several strategies have been reported for the synthesis of baclofen.in this study an approach has been made to...

background: prolonged gnrh-a administration in ivf cycles may have some advantages related to the treatment outcomes. objective: in this study, we aimed to analyse the effect of prolonged gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (gnrh-a) administration on controlled ovarian hyperstimulation outcomes of in vitro fertilization (ivf) patients. materials and methods: in this retrospective study, 55 p...

background: general concern is that the pregnancy rate is higher with gnrh-agonist as a protocol of pituitary suppression. gnrh-antagonist protocol provides a shorter period of administration and an easy flexible protocol. objective: in this study, the outcomes of gnrh agonist and antagonist in icsi cycles are compared in normo responder patients. materials and methods: in this randomized clini...

Background: General concern is that the pregnancy rate is higher with GnRH-agonist as a protocol of pituitary suppression. GnRH-antagonist protocol provides a shorter period of administration and an easy flexible protocol. In this study, the outcomes of GnRH agonist and antagonist in ICSI cycles are compared in normo responder patients. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, ...

background: there is no doubt that luteal phase support is essential to enhance the reproductive outcome in ivf cycles. in addition to progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin, several studies have described gnrh agonists as luteal phase support to improve implantation rate, pregnancy rate and live birth rate, whereas other studies showed dissimilar conclusions. all of these studies have b...

background: polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos) patients are prone to premature lh surge and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (ohss). long gnrh analogue protocol and gnrh antagonist protocol are two methods utilized for induction ovulation in patients undergoing ivf/icsi. objective: the aim of this study was to compare the effects of gnrh agonists and antagonists in pcos patients. materials and...

results from 110 subjects with cpp, 46 girls (41.8%) were considered as intervention and 64 (58.2%) as control groups. the mean age at initial visit was 7.46 ± 1.03 years. the bmi standard deviation scores in both groups was not significantly different at sixth and 12th months of treatment compared with baseline (p = 0.257 and p = 0.839, respectively). the prevalence of obesity was not signific...

Background: Toll like receptors play a major role in immune responses against Leishmania parasites. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with live attenuated L. major and TLR4 agonist in protection against L. major infection. Methods: Attenuated L. major was prepared by continuous sub-culturing of the parasite. A total of 90 mice were assigned to 9 groups including 6 groups of BAL...