BACKGROUND The in-depth understanding of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose with heterogeneous morphology (that is, crystalline versus amorphous) may help develop better cellulase cocktail mixtures and biomass pretreatment, wherein cost-effective release of soluble sugars from solid cellulosic materials remains the largest obstacle to the economic viability of second generation biorefineries...

Thermo-gravimetric analyses of three cellulosic substances, namely, microcrystalline and amorphous cellulose, and treated Japanese cypress (JC) sawdust were carried out in this study. The thermal degradation temperature of crystalline cellulose decreased with increasing ball-milling time, while that of amorphous cellulose barely changed. However, small differences in the derivative thermo-gravi...

A pellicle, a gel film of microbial cellulose, is a supermolecular system containing 99% of water by weight, which is closely related to an amorphous structure in it. Using ultra-small-angle neutron scattering, in order to cover over a wide range of length scales from nm to 10 microm, we examined the hierarchical amorphous structure in the microbial cellulose, which is synthesized by a bacteriu...

BACKGROUND The bioconversion of cellulose into simple sugars or chemicals has attracted extensive attention in recent decades. The crystal allomorphs of cellulose are key factor affecting cellulose saccharification. However, due to the influence of lignin, hemicelluloses, and different characterization methods in the literature, the effect of cellulose allomorphs on cellulose saccharification i...

Heidarian Höckerfelt, M. 2015. On the chemical and processing stability of pharmaceutical solids. Solid form dependent water presenting capacity and process induced solid form transformation. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy 203. 57 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9325-7. There is a need for improving our knowledg...

INTRODUCTION There has been a steady increase in the use of oxygen delignification worldwide since the first commercial installation in South Africa in 1970 [1]. The degree of delignification achieved in the oxygen stage is ultimately limited by pulp strength considerations, and averages 40% delignification industrially [2,3]. With greater degrees of delignification, the oxygen delignification ...

Although measurements of crystallinity index (CI) have a long history, it has been found that CI varies significantly depending on the choice of measurement method. In this study, four different techniques incorporating X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were compared using eight different cellulose preparations. We found that the simplest method, which is al...

Endoglucanase 2 (EG2) of the cellulolytic ruminal anaerobe Bacteroides succinogenes is a 118-kilodalton (kDa) enzyme which binds to cellulose and produces cellotetraose as the end product of hydrolysis. The purified enzyme was treated with the protease trypsin in an attempt to isolate peptides which retained the ability to either hydrolyze soluble carboxymethyl cellulose or bind to insoluble ce...

A whole-cell biocatalyst with the ability to induce synergistic and sequential cellulose-degradation reaction was constructed through codisplay of three types of cellulolytic enzyme on the cell surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When a cell surface display system based on alpha-agglutinin was used, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase II and cellobiohydrolase II and Aspergillus aculeatu...

FT Raman spectroscopy was used for the investigation of cellulose and cellulose derivates. Lattice structures of cellulose, polymorphic modifications I and II, as well as amorphous structure were clearly identified by means of FT Raman vibrational spectra. Chemometric models were developed utilizing univariate calibration as well as methods of multivariate data analyses of the FT Raman spectral...