Background Pediatric nephrolithiasis is a condition the prevalence of which varies geographically with multiple etiologies. The aim of this study was to determine possible concomitant anatomic and metabolic disturbances in children with nephrolithiasis and to answer the questions regarding the role of each metabolic and anatomic abnormality. Materials and Methods Between 2007 and 2015, 1,080 pa...

most mandibular second molars have one and two canals in distal and mesial roots, respectively. this report represents four cases of mandibular second molars with a single mesial and two distal root canals with two different canal configurations. after access cavity preparation, two teeth had one distal and two mesial orifices, whereas in the two other teeth one mesial and two distal orifices w...

Autism is marked by overgrowth of the brain at the earliest ages but not at older ages when decreases in structural volumes and neuron numbers are observed instead. This has led to the theory of age-specific anatomic abnormalities in autism. Here we report age-related changes in brain size in autistic and typical subjects from 12 months to 50 years of age based on analyses of 586 longitudinal a...

The earliest anatomic description of abnormalities of the “occipital vertebrae” was attributed to Meckel in 1815 by Gladstone and Erickson-Powell (20). In 1830, Charles Bell first described the clinical and pathological development of “spontaneous atlantoaxial dislocations” resulting from destruction of the transverse ligament “that holds the process of the dentata in its place” (3). After this...

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to describe the technique and utility of functional MR cholangiography (fMRC) in the evaluation of the gallbladder and biliary tree. CONCLUSION FMRC has the potential to provide a comprehensive examination for the anatomic and functional assessment of the gallbladder and biliary tree. Complex anatomic abnormalities and functional disorders can be shown by fMRC, inc...

CPCs are a relatively common finding during the second trimester sonography. when a choroid plexus cyst is identified, the presence of structural malformation and other sonographic markers of aneuploidy should be assessed with a detailed fetal anatomic survey performed by an experienced person. if no other sonographic abnormalities are present, the CPC is considered isolated. given the consider...