A review of currently available data on in vivo induced chromosome damage in the blood lymphocytes of astronauts proves that, after protracted exposure of a few months or more to space radiation, cytogenetic biodosimetry analyses of blood collected within a week or two of return from space provides a reliable estimate of equivalent radiation dose and risk. Recent studies indicate that biodosime...

PURPOSE The objective was to investigate autonomic control in groups of European and Chinese astronauts and to identify similarities and differences. METHODS Beat-to-beat heart rate and finger blood pressure, brachial blood pressure, and respiratory frequency were measured from 10 astronauts (five European taking part in three different space missions and five Chinese astronauts taking part i...

As multiple spacefaring nations contemplate extended manned missions to Mars and the Moon, health risks could be elevated as travel goes beyond the Earth's protective magnetosphere into the more intense deep space radiation environment. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, accidents and all other causes of death ...

OBJECTIVE The incidence of postflight orthostatic intolerance after short-duration spaceflight is about 20%. However, the incidence after long-duration spaceflight was unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that orthostatic intolerance is more severe after long-duration than after short-duration flight. METHODS We performed tilt tests on six astronauts before and after ...

The traditional model for human-robot interaction is at the level of user-interface. For example, given a robot structure (say Robonaut a relatively complex many DOF humantorso style robot) how should the robot be commanded by the human? We propose that for planetary exploration on the scale of Martian or Lunar habitation, a fixed robot/architecture will not be versatile enough for the variety ...