When focused ultrasound waves of moderate intensity in liquid encounter an air interface, a chain of drops emerges from the liquid surface to form what is known as a drop-chain fountain. Atomization, or the emission of micro-droplets, occurs when the acoustic intensity exceeds a liquid-dependent threshold. While the cavitation-wave hypothesis, which states that atomization arises from a combina...

The current understanding of droplet generation processes from liquid films is reviewed. Films are defined as liquids with one free and one wall-bound surface. In many of the systems where films occur atomization is an undesirable side-effect of the two-phase flow. The motivation for this study, however, is a process where atomization from the film is the goal—a gas-centered swirl coaxial rocke...

The atomization effect is an important factor of the heat transfer of liquid nitrogen spray. In this paper, two kinds of internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizers were design. According to the fracture theory and fluid mechanics, the model is established to simulate atomization effect. The results showed that: Internal-mixing atomizers, with the liquid nitrogen atomization size from 20um to 40um, ha...

We introduce the hybrid functional HSEsol. It is based on PBEsol, a revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional, designed to yield accurate equilibrium properties for solids and their surfaces. We present lattice constants, bulk moduli, atomization energies, heats of formation, and band gaps for extended systems, as well as atomization energies for the molecular G2-1 test set. Compared to HSE, si...

When the high power ultrasound irradiates the liquid, small liquid droplets are generated from the liquid surface. This phenomenon is called as ultrasonic atomization [1]. Recently, it has been reported that ethanol is concentrated from the aqueous solution by ultrasonic atomization [2-4]. Since ultrasonic atomization scarcely accompanies the phase change, this is a great advantage comparing wi...

Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry has five major advantages for measurements of trace metals in biological materials, in comparison to measure­ ments by conventional flame atomic absorption analysis: (1) Trace metal contami­ nation is minimized by avoidance of preliminary chemical extractions and addi­ tions of reagents; (2) Sample volumes are small (1 to 50 /*1). The entire sample ...

A primary atomization model for visco-elastic liquid is established based on the ligament formation assumption and dispersion relationships. Two linear instability analyses are used in presented paper. Both of them are involved in the primary atomization model and the calculated results are compared with published experimental data. After validation, the model is used to predict the effects of ...

Atomization spray of non-Newtonian liquid plays a pivotal role in various engineering applications, especially for the energy utilization. To operate spray systems efficiently and well understand the effects of liquid rheological properties on the whole spray process, a comprehensive model using Euler-Lagrangian approaches was established to simulate the evolution of the atomization spray for v...

The present study discuss controlling mechanisms of air-blast atomization and the prospect of external triggering for enhancing atomization quality of a planar liquid sheet. The investigation builds on previous experimental evidence provided by flow visualization of 2-D liquid sheets formed between two co-flowing air streams at variable velocities, and is particularly aimed to improve our under...

In the assessment of density functional approximations for the exchangecorrelation energy, great weight is usually given to the accuracy of molecular atomization energies, or the enthalpies of formation constructed from calculated atomization energies. Here we show that a recent non-empirical functional, the meta-generalized gradient approximation of Tao, Perdew, Staroverov, and Scuseria, achie...