Previously, we identified the protein BBL as a downhill folder. This conclusion was based on the statistical mechanical analysis of equilibrium experiments performed in two variants of BBL, one with a fluorescent label at the N-terminus, and another one labeled at both ends. A recent report has claimed that our results are an artifact of label-induced aggregation and that BBL with no fluorescen...

AIMS To compare four media-UTI medium, BBL CHROMagar, CPS ID2, and Harlequin CLED-using a collection of fully characterised organisms and subsequent "field trial". METHODS Seven hundred and eighty seven fully characterised isolates (730 Gram negative bacteria, 47 Gram positive bacteria, and 10 yeasts) were used to test for accuracy of organism identification. To assess isolation rates and abi...

Classical protein folding invokes a cooperative transition between distinct thermodynamic states that are individually populated at equilibrium and separated by an energy barrier. It has been proposed, however, that the small protein, BBL, undergoes one-step downhill folding whereby it folds non-cooperatively to its native state without encountering an appreciable energy barrier. Only a single ...

A high-resolution, numerical study of an idealized western boundary current flow over variable topography is presented, with application to the East Australian Current (EAC). The results indicate that alongshelf topographic variations off Australia’s east coast cause the EAC to accelerate over the narrowing continental shelf near Cape Byron. This acceleration is sufficient to hinder the geostro...

Title of Document: SINGLE MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE INVESTIGATION OF PROTEIN FOLDING Jianwei Liu, Ph.D., 2008 Directed By: Associate Professor, Victor Muñoz, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry In addition to the well known two-state folding scenario, the energy landscape theory of protein folding predicts the possibility of downhill folding under native conditions. This intriguing prediction ...

A battery of thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural approaches has indicated that the small α-helical protein BBL folds-unfolds via the one-state downhill scenario. Yet, single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy offers a more conflicting view. Single-molecule experiments at pH 6 show a unique half-unfolded conformational ensemble at mid denaturation, whereas other experiments performed at highe...

The significance of the transport of nutrient-rich hypolimnetic water via the benthic boundary layer (BBL) to the productivity of Mono Lake was studied using a coupled hydrodynamic and ecological model validated against field data. The coupled model enabled us to differentiate between the role of biotic components and hydrodynamic forcing on the internal recycling of nutrients necessary to sust...

Bitstream Binding Language (BBL) provides an abstraction layer between XML multimedia containers and the way their resources and metadata are published in a bitstream. It allows multiple bindings from a single source document to facilitate interoperability and applicability of the multimedia content to a wide range of terminals and users. BBL introduces a number of features not found in other X...

The BBl blackboard control architecture has been proposed to enable systems to integrate diverse reasoning methods to control their own actions. Previous work has shown BBl’s ability to integrate hierarchical planning and opportunistic focusing. We show how it can integrate goal-directed reasoning as well and demonstrate these capabilities in the PROTEAN system. We also compare BBl with alterna...

The small helical protein BBL has been shown to fold and unfold in the absence of a free energy barrier according to a battery of quantitative criteria in equilibrium experiments, including probe-dependent equilibrium unfolding, complex coupling between denaturing agents, characteristic DSC thermogram, gradual melting of secondary structure, and heterogeneous atom-by-atom unfolding behaviors sp...