In our previous report, an 80% ethanol bitter gourd seed extract (BGSE) was found to suppress proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cell lines. The present study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds from BGSE specific against ATL. From the result of an HPLC-MS analysis, α-eleostearic acid (α-ESA) was present in BGSE at 0.68% ± 0.0022% (±SD, n = 5). In the cell proliferation test, α-...

Background: Fluoxetine (FLX) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressant. FLX affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause depression, panic, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Black Grape seed extract (BGSE) antioxidants neutralize free radicals and oxidative stress. Therefore this study was designed to investigate Protective effect of RGSE hydroa...

Background: Fluoxetine (FLX) is an Antidepressant compound. FLX produces undesired side effects including anxiety, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction and gastrointestinal disturbances. The grape is a significant source of nutritional antioxidants, such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonids as well as biologically active dietary components. Present study was performed to investigate the pr...

The temperature tuning of BaGa4Se7 (BGSe) was demonstrated for the first time, to best our knowledge. When BGSe (56.3°,0°) raised from 30°C 140°C, idler light under type I 3637 nm 3989 nm, tunable range reached 352 and ??2/?T 3.20 nm/°C. We calculated phase matching curve when ? T took different values. relationship between ? obtained by fixing at 0°. maximum its corresponding (?, ?) were repor...

A tunable and compact mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on BaGa4Se7 (BGSe) crystal with a repetition rate up to 250 Hz was demonstrated. high energy more approachable side-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser employed as the pump for BGSe OPO. Due double-pass single-resonant (DP-SRO) configuration, maximum average power of mW pulse 1.28 mJ at 4.06 μm achieved 100 Hz, respectively...

The linewidth of the BaGa4Se7 (BGSe) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was narrowed for first time, to best our knowledge, by inserting a Fabry–Perot (FP) etalon into an L-shaped cavity. When 15 mm long BGSe (56.3°, 0°) pumped 1064 nm laser, peak wavelength ∼3529 nm, and 4.53 (3.64 cm-1) under type I phase matching. After 350 µm thick FP etalon, decreased 1.27–2.05 nm. tilt angle 2.34°, 2.05 ...

A multi-wavelength mid-IR laser consisting of 3.05 μm, 4.25 and 5.47 μm BaGa 4 Se 7 (BGSe)optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) switched by DKDP electro-optic switches with one 10 Hz/7.6 ns pumping wave is demonstrated. Maximum energies at are 1.35 mJ, 1.03 0.56 respectively, corresponding to optical-to-optical conversion efficiencies 9.4%, 7.6%, 4.2%. To the best our knowledge, this study firs...

During the Neolithic Revolution, seven populations independently invented agriculture. In this paper, I argue that this innovation was a response to a large increase in climatic seasonality. Hunter-gatherers in the most affected regions became sedentary in order to store food and smooth their consumption. I present a model capturing the key incentives for adopting agriculture, and I test the re...

European and the US mobile communication services markets have developed in rather different ways. There are striking differences in termination regulation and retail pricing models and one may wonder why this occurred and whether either of the markets outperforms the other in terms of efficiency and/or profitability. We address these issues by analyzing a symmetric oligopoly model in which fir...