The use of the ellipsometer for the measurement of the thickness and refractive index of very thin films is reviewed. The Poincaré sphere representation of the state of polarization of light is developed and used to describe the reflection process. Details of the operation of the ellipsometer are examined critically. A computational method is presented by which the thickness of a film of known ...

In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies of the nucleation of barium fluoride from supersaturated solutions, at fatty-acid monolayer templates, reveal a commensurate relationship between the interfacial lattices of the organic molecules and the inorganic atoms. At the onset of growth, the barium fluoride layer is very thin and the lateral unit cell is contracted by as much as 4%; at the sa...

Universal nonlinear scattering processes such as Brillouin, Raman, and Kerr effects are fundamental light-matter interactions of particular theoretical and experimental importance. They originate from the interaction of a laser field with an optical medium at the lattice, molecular, and electronic scale, respectively. These nonlinear effects are generally observed and analyzed separately, becau...

Optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have been very attracting platforms for versatile Kerr frequency comb generations. We report a systematic study on the material dispersion of various optical materials that are capable of supporting quality factors above 109. Using an analytical approximation of WGM resonant frequencies in disk resonators, we investigate the effect of ...

The interdiffusion coefficients of barium and fluoride in glasses, in the system Na2O/K2O/Al2O3/SiO2 with BaF2 additions, were determined from the diffusion profiles using energy dispersive X-ray analysis in a scanning electron microscope. The diffusivities were in agreement with Arrhenius-equation. Diffusion coefficients of fluoride were in the range from 4.5 10 15 m s 1 to 30 10 15 m s 1 at 5...

BACKGROUND Methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity results from biotransformation; inorganic fluoride is a toxic metabolite. Concern exists about potential renal toxicity from volatile anesthetic defluorination, but many anesthetics increase fluoride concentrations without consequence. Methoxyflurane is metabolized by both dechlorination to methoxydifluoroacetic acid (MDFA, which may degrade to fluoride)...